Automatic detection and prediction of falls specifically in elderly population who live alone can prevent untoward incidents by taking action at appropriate time. Validating these automated systems ...requires a labeled dataset. The available datasets are mostly based on inertial features. A health-related concern may also be a reason behind a fall. Considering physiological features along with inertial features can increase the accuracy of the system. In this paper, a labeled multiclass dataset is presented based on physiological and Inertial features of the body (PIF v2). Two trials are performed by each participant. The participants are young as well as elderly performing activities and falls in real-time using the prototype containing various sensors designed for collecting inertial as well as physiological features. Two trials are performed by each participant. 27 subjects (15 males and 12 females) between the age 10 years to 75 years participated in data collection. A detailed comparison between PIF v1 where the data were collected individually using each sensor and PIF v2 is given along with statistical analysis of PIF v2. The statistical analysis of various features with a t-test shows that the different activities and falls can be differentiated using inertial as well as physiological features.
The log transformation is often used to reduce skewness of a measurement variable. If, after transformation, the distribution is symmetric, then the Welch t-test might be used to compare groups. If, ...also, the distribution becomes close to normal, then a reference interval might be determined.
Glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are presented that display aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This feature was exploited for selective and sensitive quantification of creatinine (CRN) ...which is an important diagnostic parameter. In the presence of Al
3+
ions, such CuNCs rapidly aggregate, and this induces enhanced a red emission. The AIE nature of CuNCs was proven via TEM and fluorimetry. On addition of CRN, the coordination between CRN and Al
3+
ions led to the quenching of fluorescence due to weakening the AIE. The best fluorescence intensity was measured at excitation/emission peaks of 360/585 nm. Quenched fluorescence intensity showed a linear dependence on the concentrations of CRN in the range of 2.5–34 μgL
−1
with a detection limit of 0.63 μgL
−1
. The sensing mechanism of probe for CRN detection is discussed. The probe was applied to the determination of CRN in spiked human serum samples and gave satisfactory results.
Graphical abstract
Aluminum(III) ions trigger the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). Introduction of creatinine leads to deaggregation of CuNC aggregates, and this is accompanied by the quenching of the luminescence. This phenomenon was exploited in an assay for creatinine.
The point‐biserial correlation is a commonly used measure of effect size in two‐group designs. New estimators of point‐biserial correlation are derived from different forms of a standardized mean ...difference. Point‐biserial correlations are defined for designs with either fixed or random group sample sizes and can accommodate unequal variances. Confidence intervals and standard errors for the point‐biserial correlation estimators are derived from the sampling distributions for pooled‐variance and separate‐variance versions of a standardized mean difference. The proposed point‐biserial confidence intervals can be used to conduct directional two‐sided tests, equivalence tests, directional non‐equivalence tests, and non‐inferiority tests. A confidence interval for an average point‐biserial correlation in meta‐analysis applications performs substantially better than the currently used methods. Sample size formulas for estimating a point‐biserial correlation with desired precision and testing a point‐biserial correlation with desired power are proposed. R functions are provided that can be used to compute the proposed confidence intervals and sample size formulas.
SUMMARY
The confidence interval (CI) for the difference between two proportions has been an important and active research topic, especially in the context of non‐inferiority hypothesis testing. ...Issues concerning the Type 1 error rate, power, coverage rate and aberrations have been extensively studied for non‐stratified cases. However, stratified confidence intervals are frequently used in non‐inferiority trials and similar settings. In this paper, several methods for stratified confidence intervals for the difference between two proportions, including existing methods and novel extensions from unstratified CIs, are evaluated across different scenarios. When sparsity across the strata is not a concern, adding imputed observations to the stratification analysis can strengthen Type‐1 error control without substantial loss of power. When sparseness of data is a concern, most of the evaluated methods fail to control Type‐1 error; the modified stratified t‐test CI is an exception. We recommend the modified stratified t‐test CI as the most useful and flexible method across the respective scenarios; the modified stratified Wald CI may be useful in settings where sparsity is unlikely. These findings substantially contribute to the application of stratified CIs for non‐inferiority testing of differences between two proportions.
•The modified solar still integrated with a separate condenser using nano-fluids is presented.•Theoretical analysis of the heat and mass transfer for the solar stills has been developed.•The analysis ...is conducted for aluminum oxide and cuprous oxide nano-particles.
The effects of using nanofluids and integrating the solar still with external condenser have been studied numerically. The performance of the modified desalination system is evaluated and compared with that of the conventional one under the same meteorological conditions. Theoretical analysis of heat and mass transfer mechanisms for the solar stills has been developed. Numerical calculations had been performed on the solar stills in Kafrelsheikh city, Egypt (31.07°N latitude and 30.57°E longitude) for different nanomaterial concentrations and providing low pressure to study the effects of these parameters on the daily productivity of the system. The analyses are conducted in the weight concentrations range from 0.02 to 0.3% for aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles. Thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid are considered by assuming nanofluid is a single-phase fluid. The simulation results are in a good agreement with the published experimental data. The daily efficiency of the modified still is 84.16% and 73.85% when using Cu2O and Al2O3 nanoparticles, respectively, with operating the fan. And the daily efficiency when providing low pressure only is 46.23%. In addition, the conventional stills’ daily efficiency was 34%.
Minimum Bayes factors are commonly used to transform two-sided p-values to lower bounds on the posterior probability of the null hypothesis. Several proposals exist in the literature, but none of ...them depends on the sample size. However, the evidence of a p-value against a point null hypothesis is known to depend on the sample size. In this article, we consider p-values in the linear model and propose new minimum Bayes factors that depend on sample size and converge to existing bounds as the sample size goes to infinity. It turns out that the maximal evidence of an exact two-sided p-value increases with decreasing sample size. The effect of adjusting minimum Bayes factors for sample size is shown in two applications.
Color transfer methods usually suffer from spatial color coherency problem. In order to address this problem, this paper develops a fused color transfer method for image colorization. Our idea is to ...design a local student’s t-test to screen the incoherent colors in the preliminary colorization results obtained by a simple color transfer method with DFT and variance features. Furthermore, we propose a variational fusion model to inpaint these incoherent colors and fuse the other useful colors together. We also present an efficient algorithm for solving the fusion model numerically, and show the convergence of the algorithm. Finally, experimental results are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and its performance is competitive with those of the other testing methods.
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