Few patients on basal insulin (BI) reach suggested glycemic goals despite repeated dose titration attempts and availability of other support services/medications. An online quantitative survey was ...used to explore differences between patient and healthcare provider (HCP) priorities and perceptions of therapeutic regimens and approaches. It was completed by 305 T2D patients on BI >1 year and 240 HCPs. Patient and HCP preferences were compared regarding treatment priorities, estimated time to reach A1C goals, impact of not reaching goals, and willingness to change treatment and do more to reach goals.
Results showed the similarities and differences in patient and HCP views and priorities. Top patient priorities were to: maintain goals long term (62%), stay healthy (44%), and avoid weight gain (43%) vs. HCPs: avoid side effects (55%), consider treatment affordability (53%), and maintain goals long term (45%). It took longer than expected to meet A1C goals (35% each group); of patients, 49% expected goals would not be met; 61% wanted to reach goals faster; 80% were frustrated by slow progress to reach goals. More patients expected to reach goals in 1-5 years (42% vs. HCPs 16%); both groups wanted to reach goals in 6-12 months. More patients would try harder to reach goals than HCPs expected (37% vs. 16%), be willing to visit their HCP more often (42% vs. 17%), consider treatment changes (40% vs. 18%), and try a different injectable (45% vs. 34%). Within 12 months of starting BI, 17% of patients (vs. 68% of HCPs) expected no treatment addition. More endocrinologists (29% vs. PCPs 16%) anticipated titrating BI dose ≥100 U/day. In patients, 61% felt frustrated not reaching goals on BI, whereas HCPs estimated only 36% of patients would be frustrated.
In summary, patients are willing to do more than their HCPs expect. A better understanding of the disparate perceptions and preferences of patients and HCPs could enhance outcomes for T2D patients on BI not reaching glycemic goals and reduce unwarranted complications.
Disclosure
J. Chamberlain: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi-Aventis. R. Wood: Other Relationship; Self; Multiple companies in the diabetes field (>10 companies). M. Roberts: None. S. Edelman: Advisory Panel; Self; BrightSight, InPen, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. Board Member; Self; Senseonics. Speaker's Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Lilly Diabetes, MannKind Corporation, Merck Foundation, Sanofi-Aventis.
Funding
Sanofi U.S.
Marketers strive to create cool brands, but the literature does not offer a blueprint for what “brand coolness” means or what features characterize cool brands. This research uses a mixed-methods ...approach to conceptualize brand coolness and identify a set of characteristics typically associated with cool brands. Focus groups, depth interviews, and an essay study indicate that cool brands are perceived to be extraordinary, aesthetically appealing, energetic, high status, rebellious, original, authentic, subcultural, iconic, and popular. In nine quantitative studies (surveys and experiments), the authors develop scale items to reliably measure the component characteristics of brand coolness; show that brand coolness influences important outcome variables, including consumers’ attitudes toward, satisfaction with, intentions to talk about, and willingness to pay for the brand; and demonstrate how cool brands change over time. At first, most brands become cool to a small niche, at which point they are perceived to be more subcultural, rebellious, authentic, and original. Over time, some cool brands become adopted by the masses, at which point they are perceived to be more popular and iconic.
ABSTRACT
This research surveys the current state‐of‐the‐art technologies that are instrumental in the adoption and development of fake news detection. “Fake news detection” is defined as the task of ...categorizing news along a continuum of veracity, with an associated measure of certainty. Veracity is compromised by the occurrence of intentional deceptions. The nature of online news publication has changed, such that traditional fact checking and vetting from potential deception is impossible against the flood arising from content generators, as well as various formats and genres.
The paper provides a typology of several varieties of veracity assessment methods emerging from two major categories – linguistic cue approaches (with machine learning), and network analysis approaches. We see promise in an innovative hybrid approach that combines linguistic cue and machine learning, with network‐based behavioral data. Although designing a fake news detector is not a straightforward problem, we propose operational guidelines for a feasible fake news detecting system.
The prevalence of diabetes among Hispanic and Asian American subpopulations in the United States is unknown.
To estimate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of diabetes among US adults 20 ...years or older by major race/ethnicity groups and selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian subpopulations.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2011-2016, cross-sectional samples representing the noninstitutionalized, civilian, US population. The sample included adults 20 years or older who had self-reported diagnosed diabetes during the interview or measurements of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG).
Race/ethnicity groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and Hispanic subgroups (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban/Dominican, Central American, and South American), non-Hispanic Asian and non-Hispanic Asian subgroups (East, South, and Southeast Asian), and non-Hispanic other.
Diagnosed diabetes was based on self-reported prior diagnosis. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as HbA1c 6.5% or greater, FPG 126 mg/dL or greater, or 2hPG 200 mg/dL or greater in participants without diagnosed diabetes. Total diabetes was defined as diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes.
The study sample included 7575 US adults (mean age, 47.5 years; 52% women; 2866 65% non-Hispanic white, 1636 11% non-Hispanic black, 1952 15% Hispanic, 909 6% non-Hispanic Asian, and 212 3% non-Hispanic other). A total of 2266 individuals had diagnosed diabetes; 377 had undiagnosed diabetes. Weighted age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of total diabetes was 12.1% (95% CI, 11.0%-13.4%) for non-Hispanic white, 20.4% (95% CI, 18.8%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic black, 22.1% (95% CI, 19.6%-24.7%) for Hispanic, and 19.1% (95% CI, 16.0%-22.1%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001). Among Hispanic adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 24.6% (95% CI, 21.6%-27.6%) for Mexican, 21.7% (95% CI, 14.6%-28.8%) for Puerto Rican, 20.5% (95% CI, 13.7%-27.3%) for Cuban/Dominican, 19.3% (95% CI, 12.4%-26.1%) for Central American, and 12.3% (95% CI, 8.5%-16.2%) for South American subgroups (overall P < .001). Among non-Hispanic Asian adults, the prevalence of total diabetes was 14.0% (95% CI, 9.5%-18.4%) for East Asian, 23.3% (95% CI, 15.6%-30.9%) for South Asian, and 22.4% (95% CI, 15.9%-28.9%) for Southeast Asian subgroups (overall P = .02). The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.9% (95% CI, 3.0%-4.8%) for non-Hispanic white, 5.2% (95% CI, 3.9%-6.4%) for non-Hispanic black, 7.5% (95% CI, 5.9%-9.1%) for Hispanic, and 7.5% (95% CI, 4.9%-10.0%) for non-Hispanic Asian adults (overall P < .001).
In this nationally representative survey of US adults from 2011 to 2016, the prevalence of diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes varied by race/ethnicity and among subgroups identified within the Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian populations.
The latest approaches to strategic management (Ferreira et al., 2016) tend to consider strategic alliances (as sources of knowledge) and intellectual capital (human, structural and relational ...capital) as the main sources for a sustainable competitive advantage. ...several firms everywhere are starting to dynamically manage their knowledge and innovation (Ferreira et al., 2015). Absorptive capacity could enhance organizations’ capabilities to facilitate knowledge exchange processes, which can increase innovation performance (Patterson and Ambrosini, 2015) and competitive advantage (Zahra and George, 2002; Carayannis et al., 2016). ...firms reporting products new to international markets exhibit search strategies combining ideas from internal sources with ideas from other firms.
The constant and successful market introduction of new products is of major concern to companies throughout all industries. However, empirical research points to high failure rates of innovations, ...indicating that most new products fail as they are rejected by consumers due to their resistance to innovation. Several studies have confirmed the importance of passive innovation resistance as a dominant barrier, which has to be overcome before new product adoption can start. However, empirical evidence on how to overcome passive innovation resistance is still lacking. This study intends to address this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of marketing instruments (i.e., mental simulation and benefit comparison) to reduce negative effects of passive innovation resistance on new product adoption. The results of a scenario‐based experiment (n = 679) confirm high effectiveness for both instruments. However, the effectiveness varied with the type of passive innovation resistance present. More specifically, mental simulation was found to be the most effective instrument in the case of cognitive passive resistance, whereas benefit comparison was found to be most effective in the case of situational passive resistance. Thereby, the effect of both marketing instruments was stronger the more radical the new product was perceived. Hence, companies should assess the type of passive innovation resistance that is predominant in their target market, and align their choice of marketing instruments that accompany a new product launch to most effectively overcome passive innovation resistance. Employing such new product launch tactics should decrease initial market resistance and thus help companies in reducing innovation failure rates.
Background and Aims
Youth alcohol consumption is a major global public health concern. Previous reviews have concluded that exposure to alcohol marketing was associated with earlier drinking ...initiation and higher alcohol consumption among youth. This review examined longitudinal studies published since those earlier reviews.
Methods
Peer‐reviewed papers were identified in medical, scientific and social science databases, supplemented by examination of reference lists. Non‐peer‐reviewed papers were included if they were published by organizations deemed to be authoritative, were fully referenced and contained primary data not available elsewhere. Papers were restricted to those that included measures of marketing exposure and alcohol consumption for at least 500 underage people. Multiple authors reviewed studies for inclusion and assessed their quality using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Quality Assessment Tool for Observation Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies.
Results
Twelve studies (ranging in duration from 9 months to 8 years), following nine unique cohorts not reported on previously involving 35 219 participants from Europe, Asia and North America, met inclusion criteria. All 12 found evidence of a positive association between level of marketing exposure and level of youth alcohol consumption. Some found significant associations between youth exposure to alcohol marketing and initiation of alcohol use (odds ratios ranging from 1.00 to 1.69), and there were clear associations between exposure and subsequent binge or hazardous drinking (odds ratios ranging from 1.38 to 2.15). Mediators included marketing receptivity, brand recognition and alcohol expectancies. Levels of marketing exposure among younger adolescents were similar to those found among older adolescents and young adults.
Conclusions
Young people who have greater exposure to alcohol marketing appear to be more likely subsequently to initiate alcohol use and engage in binge and hazardous drinking.
Computer Games and Organization Studies Vesa, Mikko; Hamari, Juho; Harviainen, J. Tuomas ...
Organization studies,
02/2017, Volume:
38, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Computer games and organizations are becoming increasingly interwoven in the 21st century. Sophisticated computer games connected by networks are turning into spaces for organizing. Therefore, it may ...not be surprising that conventional organizations are now scrounging these games for novel ways to enhance efficiency. The result is the formation of game/organization hybrids; uneasy recontextualizations of partly incompatible ideas, values and practices. We begin this essay by elucidating what it is socially that makes something a game by exploring the notion’s anthropological foundations. We then introduce two examples of actual game/organization hybrids; raiding in computer games and gamification in formal organizations. We conclude by discussing the implications of such hybridization and suggest venues for how organization and management scholars can benefit from studying computer games and theories of play.
The prevalence of online social networks has given rise to the emergence of social media influencers (SMIs), so-called "Internet celebrities". Celebrity endorsement, which can be an effective ...marketing strategy, is also popular in the tourism field. This study uses self-congruity theory, which originally refers to the congruence between consumers and brands or products, to the congruence between endorsers and potential tourists to evaluate endorsement effectiveness. Results indicate that SMI endorser-consumer congruence positively contributes to visit intentions toward the endorsed destinations as does endorser-destination congruence. Tourism marketers are advised to use SMIs when the destination images and target markets align.
A reputação da marca de produtos esportivos Adidas permitiu sua incorporação ao universo simbólico de diversas subculturas urbanas ao redor do mundo. A cultura hip-hop e seus adeptos, também, se ...inseriram nesse contexto e vincularam, de forma bastante peculiar, a Adidas ao seu repertório de símbolos identitários. Com isto, o principal objetivo deste artigo é analisar as performances do grupo de rap norte-americano Run DMC e da Adidas, bem como as suas estratégias comunicacionais na construção e apropriação de valores culturais através da interpretação simbólica das gestualidades e figurino dos artistas que utilizam a marca em seus videoclipes. Deste modo, pretende-se discutir as contribuições do grupo e de seus videoclipes na transformação da marca alemã em um dos símbolos de ostentação e consumo de uma cultura originária de comunidades negras americanas.
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