Pisan i ureðen u trostrukom ključu koji ujedno prati i trostruka struktura zbornika, on nas grosso modo uvodi u socijalne, tehničke, povijesne, ali i afektivne narative koji se obavijaju oko, ali i ...ucjepljuju u finalni proizvod, objekt - konzervu; govori nam pritom i o povijesti razvoja ribopreraðivačke industrije u korelaciji s usko povezanim djelatnostima poput ribolova te se naposljetku sidri u prikazu i analizi rada, odnosno njegovih mijena i mutacija u postindustrijskom periodu koji stremi k turizmu kao gotovo isključivoj privrednoj grani. S jedne strane to je specifična terminologija karakteristična za povijest prerade, poput garuma (riblji umak, začin jelima), ali i u suvremeno vrijeme korištenog rječnika poput svićala, barila, barake, sardelina, papalinka, šperuna itd., dok nas s druge strane približavaju idiosinkrazijama te industrije u nizu lokalnih miljea. Prerada ribe u Istri za vrijeme poratnog perioda vojne uprave, ali i tvornice smještene u nizu otočkih mjesta poput Plavice u Cresu, Fabrike i Ambalaže u Veloj Luci, Kvarnera u Malom Lošinju, odnosno tvornice u južnoistarskom mjestu Banjole, a koja je od 1927. do 1990. godine djelovala pod imenima Angelo Parodi, Učka, Istra, Mirna, većim su dijelom danas mahom nestalog industrijskog arhipelaga. Treća cjelina zbornika "Od rada ka povijesti rada" (Nataša Rogelja Caf, Alenka Janko Spreizer, Srečko Gombač, Dunja Janković, Iva Kosmos, Martin Pogačar i Tanja Petrović) vodi čitatelje u niz reartikulacija, odnosno današnjih interpretacija i pokušaja oživljavanja nekadašnjih fabrika i tvornica.
In December 2016, a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition and clinical research was convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics to review the definition ...and scope of prebiotics. Consistent with the original embodiment of prebiotics, but aware of the latest scientific and clinical developments, the panel updated the definition of a prebiotic: a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. This definition expands the concept of prebiotics to possibly include non-carbohydrate substances, applications to body sites other than the gastrointestinal tract, and diverse categories other than food. The requirement for selective microbiota-mediated mechanisms was retained. Beneficial health effects must be documented for a substance to be considered a prebiotic. The consensus definition applies also to prebiotics for use by animals, in which microbiota-focused strategies to maintain health and prevent disease is as relevant as for humans. Ultimately, the goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category. To this end, we have reviewed several aspects of prebiotic science including its development, health benefits and legislation.
Through the decades of working on processing Croatian terminology in STRUNA we have identified two problems that can generate an extremely confusing situation for the end-user. On the one hand, we ...have homonyms, where the same term is used to indicate multiple concepts. This problem was anticipated since it is well-known that certain terms can have different or slightly different meanings in various fields of knowledge or even in the same field. We handle the homonyms by allowing multiple entries in STRUNA. On the other hand, fairly often, we come upon the case where a new entry was introduced into STRUNA even though the term with a semantically identical definition already existed. In anticipation of this problem, we have, from the very beginning of STRUNA, implemented the option of accepting the existing terminological entry and associating it with the ongoing project. Unfortunately, for various reasons, editors rarely use this feature. Therefore, this issue will have to be addressed in the future. In this paper, we will present these problems experienced by the end-user of STRUNA and suggest possible solutions implemented in a certain project (field) and/or interfiled solutions.
While topics such as death, funerary cult, and the netherworld have received considerable scholarly attention in the context of the Ugaritic textual corpus, the related concept of life has been ...relatively neglected. Life and Mortality in Ugaritic takes as its premise that one cannot grasp the significance of mwt (“to die”) without first having wrestled with the concept of ḥyy (“to live”).
In this book, Matthew McAffee takes a lexical approach to the study of life and death in the Ugaritic textual corpus. He identifies and analyzes the Ugaritic terms most commonly used to talk about life and mortality in order to construct a more representative framework of the ancient perspective on these topics, and he concludes by synthesizing the results of this lexical study into a broader literary discussion that considers, among other things, the implications for our understanding of the first-millennium Katumuwa stele from Zincirli.
McAffee’s study complements previous scholarly work in this area, which has tended to rely on conceptual and theoretical treatment of mortality, and advances the discussion by providing a more focused lexical analysis of the Ugaritic terms in question. It will be of interest to Semitic scholars and those who study Ugaritic in particular, in addition to students of the culture of the ancient Levant.
En el presente artículo se hace una revisión sistemática o evaluativa de carácter descriptivo- exploratorio donde se buscaron los estudios más relevantes de forma sistematizada en relación a la ...terminología anatómica, se abordó su historia, su evolución hasta el presente y las dificultades existentes para su correcta aplicación y difusión.
Summary
The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification of the Epilepsies has been updated to reflect our gain in understanding of the epilepsies and their underlying mechanisms ...following the major scientific advances that have taken place since the last ratified classification in 1989. As a critical tool for the practicing clinician, epilepsy classification must be relevant and dynamic to changes in thinking, yet robust and translatable to all areas of the globe. Its primary purpose is for diagnosis of patients, but it is also critical for epilepsy research, development of antiepileptic therapies, and communication around the world. The new classification originates from a draft document submitted for public comments in 2013, which was revised to incorporate extensive feedback from the international epilepsy community over several rounds of consultation. It presents three levels, starting with seizure type, where it assumes that the patient is having epileptic seizures as defined by the new 2017 ILAE Seizure Classification. After diagnosis of the seizure type, the next step is diagnosis of epilepsy type, including focal epilepsy, generalized epilepsy, combined generalized, and focal epilepsy, and also an unknown epilepsy group. The third level is that of epilepsy syndrome, where a specific syndromic diagnosis can be made. The new classification incorporates etiology along each stage, emphasizing the need to consider etiology at each step of diagnosis, as it often carries significant treatment implications. Etiology is broken into six subgroups, selected because of their potential therapeutic consequences. New terminology is introduced such as developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The term benign is replaced by the terms self‐limited and pharmacoresponsive, to be used where appropriate. It is hoped that this new framework will assist in improving epilepsy care and research in the 21st century.
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION
Can a consensus and evidence-driven set of terms and definitions be generated to be used globally in order to ensure consistency when reporting on infertility issues and ...fertility care interventions, as well as to harmonize communication among the medical and scientific communities, policy-makers, and lay public including individuals and couples experiencing fertility problems?
SUMMARY ANSWER
A set of 283 consensus-based and evidence-driven terminologies used in infertility and fertility care has been generated through an inclusive consensus-based process with multiple stakeholders.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
In 2006 the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) published a first glossary of 53 terms and definitions. In 2009 ICMART together with WHO published a revised version expanded to 87 terms, which defined infertility as a disease of the reproductive system, and increased standardization of fertility treatment terminology. Since 2009, limitations were identified in several areas and enhancements were suggested for the glossary, especially concerning male factor, demography, epidemiology and public health issues.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Twenty-five professionals, from all parts of the world and representing their expertise in a variety of sub-specialties, were organized into five working groups: clinical definitions; outcome measurements; embryology laboratory; clinical and laboratory andrology; and epidemiology and public health. Assessment for revisions, as well as expansion on topics not covered by the previous glossary, were undertaken. A larger group of independent experts and representatives from collaborating organizations further discussed and assisted in refining all terms and definitions.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Members of the working groups and glossary co-ordinators interacted through electronic mail and face-to-face in international/regional conferences. Two formal meetings were held in Geneva, Switzerland, with a final consensus meeting including independent experts as well as observers and representatives of international/regional scientific and patient organizations.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
A consensus-based and evidence-driven set of 283 terminologies used in infertility and fertility care was generated to harmonize communication among health professionals and scientists as well as the lay public, patients and policy makers. Definitions such as ‘fertility care’ and ‘fertility awareness’ together with terminologies used in embryology and andrology have been introduced in the glossary for the first time. Furthermore, the definition of ‘infertility’ has been expanded in order to cover a wider spectrum of conditions affecting the capacity of individuals and couples to reproduce. The definition of infertility remains as a disease characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy; however, it also acknowledges that the failure to become pregnant does not always result from a disease, and therefore introduces the concept of an impairment of function which can lead to a disability. Additionally, subfertility is now redundant, being replaced by the term infertility so as to standardize the definition and avoid confusion.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
All stakeholders agreed to the vast majority of terminologies included in this glossary. In cases where disagreements were not resolved, the final decision was reached after a vote, defined before the meeting as consensus if passed with 75%. Over the following months, an external expert group, which included representatives from non-governmental organizations, reviewed and provided final feedback on the glossary.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Some terminologies have different definitions, depending on the area of medicine, for example demographic or clinical as well as geographic differences. These differences were taken into account and this glossary represents a multinational effort to harmonize terminologies that should be used worldwide.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS
None.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
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