Exploiting deep textures for image retrieval Liu, Guang-Hai; Yang, Jing-Yu
International journal of machine learning and cybernetics,
02/2023, Volume:
14, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Deep features and texture features each have advantages in image representation. However, exploiting deep textures for image retrieval is challenging because it is difficult to enhance the ...compatibility of texture features and deep features. To address this problem, we propose a novel image-retrieval method named the deep texture feature histogram (DTFH). The main highlights are: (1) We propose a novel method for identifying effective, limited-effectiveness, or non-valid feature maps via ranking based on Haralick’s statistics, which can help understand image content and identify objects, as these statistics have clear physical significance. (2) We use Gabor filtering to mimic the human orientation-selection mechanism, which allows deep texture features to contain a good representation of orientation, thereby enhancing discriminative power. (3) We combine the advantages of classical texture features and deep features to provide a compact representation. This provides a new, yet simple way to exploit deep features via the use of traditional classical texture features. Comparative experiments demonstrate that deep texture features provide highly competitive performance in image retrieval in terms of mean average precision (mAP), and provide new insights into the exploitation of traditional texture features and deep features.
Columnar grain morphology and typical α texture transformed from a strong β //VD fiber texture are found in the Ti–6Al–4V alloy fabricated using electron beam rapid manufacturing (EBRM). This study ...mainly focused on the effect of the columnar grain morphology and the lamellar α orientation on the tensile damage behavior of the alloy. Samples in three different orientations were subjected to in-situ tensile tests. Results demonstrated that obvious anisotropic in-situ tensile behavior was presented in the alloy. Based on the columnar grain morphology and the β //VD fiber texture, we analyzed the crystallographic and spatial orientation characteristics of α lamellae in the alloy, discussed the effect of the columnar grain morphology, the crystallographic and spatial orientations of α lamellae on anisotropic in-situ tensile behaviors, and proposed that the crystallographic texture of α phase was a main factor inducing anisotropic tensile properties. In addition, the anisotropic fracture displacement was also associated with the spatial orientation of α laths.
•1, The alloy presented concentrated distribution on both the crystallographic and spatial orientation of α lamellae.•2, In-suit tensile behaviors were sensitive to the loading directions.•3, The anisotropic in-suit tensile behavior was due to the crystallographic and spatial orientation of α laths.
Resonant x-ray scattering shows that the bulk structure of the twist-bend liquid crystal phase, recently discovered in bent molecular dimers, has spatial periodicity without electron density ...modulation, indicating a lattice-free heliconical nematic precession of orientation that has helical glide symmetry. In situ study of the bulk helix texture of the dimer CB7CB shows an elastically confined temperature-dependent minimum helix pitch, but a remarkable elastic softness of pitch in response to dilative stresses. Scattering from the helix is not detectable in the higher temperature nematic phase.
The contribution of rice paddy soils to greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and global warming has attracted widespread attention.
There are studies on the local effects of fertilizers on soil GHGs ...emissions, but few have looked at the comprehensive and comparative effects of fertilization management, considering soil and environmental characteristics.
Our meta-analysis used data from 83 Chinese paddy fields to investigate the effects of NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), NPKS (NPK with straw return), NPKM (NPK with manure), and NPKB (NPK with biochar) on CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions compared to the unfertilized fields (control) under single rice in the south (SRS), single rice in the north (SRN) and double rice (DR).
The order of increased global warming potential (GWP) was NPKB (10 %) < NPK (20 %) < NPKM (70 %) < NPKS (140 %). The highest GHG increases were 60 % for CO2 and 270 % for N2O under NPKM, and 180 % for CH4 under NPKS, while the lowest were 25 % for CO2, 2 % for CH4, and 5 % for N2O under NPKB compared to control. The NPKB positively increased CH4 by 38 % in SRN, while NPK resulted in a 285 % increase in N2O emission in SRS. The CO2, CH4, and N2O reached the highest increased values of 18×103, 500, and 2 kg ha−1, respectively when the N input under NPKM and NPKS was 200–300 kg ha−1. Such a relatively high N input only increased the yield by 1–4 t ha−1. In contrast, a 30 %-50 % reduction in N input (equivalent to 130–260 kg C kg−1), with a yield increase of about 4–5 t ha−1, decreased CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions by 86 %, 66 %, 75 % respectively (GWP by 12 %) under NPK and NPKB. The soil properties are also the main controllers of GHGs from paddy soils, where the highest GHGs were associated with soils with clay loam, pH=5–6, and C/N=10. The estimated cumulative emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O under NPK in China in 2021 were 430, 7.5, and 0.038 Tg, respectively, while the addition of NPKB led to a reduction of the mentioned GHGs by 23 %, 43 %, and 47 % (GWP by 30 %), respectively.
Reducing inorganic nitrogen inputs and incorporating biochar, but cautiously applying manure and straw in fertilization management are win-win strategies in paddy fields to reduce GHGs and ensure rice yield.
Our study highlights the importance of proper fertilization management according to rice zones and soil properties, which could decrease the GHGs emissions and bring yield and environmental benefits.
•Straw returning increased highest CH4 emission and global warming potential (GWP).•Biochar application had the lowest greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and GWP.•Manure and straw adding had the higher GWP compared to sole mineral fertilizer.•The highest N2O increment was under mineral fertilizer of single rice in South.•The soil properties with clay loam, pH=5–6, C/N=10, had the highest GHGs.
Friction-induced vibrations are one of the main mechanical signals that, stimulating the mechanoreceptors, mediate the fine surface texture perception. In this work, isotropic textures are simulated ...by means of a tactile device reproducing the friction-induced vibrations previously measured during the exploration of real textures. Texture discrimination campaigns have been carried out, showing excellent results in discriminating both the real textures and the ones simulated by the device. Discrimination errors and correct associations of real and simulated samples have been explained through the spectra of the friction-induced vibrations, highlighting that the overall amplitude of the induced vibrations and their spectra play a fundamental role in the discrimination of isotropic textures.
Besides the flavor profile of food, texture plays a major role in terms of the acceptance and likeability of food products. In contrast to gel-like homogenous isotropic structures, where the ...characterization is established and structure-texture mechanisms are well understood, there is still a lack of knowledge in the field of anisotropic complex food matrices. Food systems that show anisotropic properties in terms of macroscopic mechanical anisotropy as in grown meat, or mixed complex systems where anisotropic shaped particles or fibers are embedded into an isotropic matrix are challenging to characterize, hence the structure-texture correlation is not trivial to understand. In this paper, we bring together the state of the art of different anisotropic structures as a source of food, their formation in terms of structured plant proteins, and consequently the structure-texture correlation of those. Characteristic terms and properties to differentiate between anisotropic systems are introduced with the purpose to facilitate characterization of those. Based on the here provided terms and characteristics, further studies toward understanding such systems and their perception can be conducted. Beyond that, a first opinion on crucial influencing factors on the perception of anisotropic systems and their mechanistic background is provided.
We theoretically investigate the dynamics of antiferromagnetic domain walls driven by spin-orbit torques in antiferromagnet-heavy-metal bilayers. We show that spin-orbit torques drive ...antiferromagnetic domain walls much faster than ferromagnetic domain walls. As the domain wall velocity approaches the maximum spin-wave group velocity, the domain wall undergoes Lorentz contraction and emits spin waves in the terahertz frequency range. The interplay between spin-orbit torques and the relativistic dynamics of antiferromagnetic domain walls leads to the efficient manipulation of antiferromagnetic spin textures and paves the way for the generation of high frequency signals from antiferromagnets.
•“Artificial” polycrystals were created from Co20Cr20Fe20Ni20Mn20 HEA crystals.•The formed texture depends on the rolling direction.•At 296 K, twinning developed in samples with 〈123〉{111} texture at ...30 % strain.
In the present paper, “artificial” polycrystals of the equiatomic Co20Cr20Fe20Ni20Mn20 high-entropy alloy were obtained for the first time via rolling process of single crystals up to 67 % along the 1¯11 and 001 directions in the rolling plane (011) at 296 K and subsequent annealing at 1423 K for 1 h. It was shown that texture depends on the rolling direction. When rolling along the 1¯11 direction, a 〈012〉{112} texture was formed, and along the 001 direction it was the 〈123〉{111} texture. At 296 K, twinning developed after slip deformation of 30 % in “artificial” polycrystals with the 〈123〉{111} texture and was not observed in samples with the 〈012〉{112} texture.
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