An aluminium(III) chloride‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, nitroalkanes, and sodium azide has been developed; this reaction sequence can be applied to a broad substrate ...scope and affords the corresponding 4‐aryl‐NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles in good to excellent yields. The milder reaction conditions and easier operation make this AlCl3‐catalyzed protocol more advantageous for the synthesis of 4‐aryl‐NH‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
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•Superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic stainless steel felt was developed.•The prepared felt showed tunable pore size and surface charge.•The surface charge of felt can ...induce the aggregation of oil droplets in water.•The felt can separate various emulsions stabilized by different surfactants.•Charge-induced demulsification was proposed to explain the performance of the felt.
Oil-water mixtures, especially the surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions with high stability, are causing great difficulties in effective separation. In this work, a modification strategy was established to prepare functionalized stainless steel felt for emulsion separation by coating the felt with 3-triethoxysilylpropylamine, followed by the introduction of silica nanoparticles using a sulfur-based three-component coupling reaction. To satisfy the pore size requirement for effective emulsion separation, the developed felt was processed using a compression molding. With special wettability, optimized pore size, and electrostatic demulsification mechanism, the positive charged felt delivered outstanding separation capabilities for oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by various surfactants. Specifically, the flux and COD removal efficiency for the anionic-stabilized emulsion were up to 3911 L m-2h−1 and 95.3 %, while for cationic-stabilized emulsions, which were 1305 L m-2h−1 and 93.1 %. Our comparative results indicated that surface charges played an essential role in governing the separation performance of the felt, and the demulsification arising from the electrostatic attraction demonstrated better separation capability than that caused by the electrostatic repulsion. In addition, the developed felt showed controlled surface charge and anti-fouling performance under cyclic operations. The findings of this study are beneficial for constructing separation material with high separation efficiency and long-term durability for practical applications.
ZnFe2O4@alginic acid was synthesized by a simple procedure and utilized as a green, cost-effective and heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives with a one-pot ...three‐component reaction between various aromatic aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile. This protocol offers some beneficial features such as green catalyst, mild reaction conditions, simple procedure, easy workup, short reaction times and significant yield of the products.
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Alginic acid as a linear polysaccharide derived from natural resources can be used in the role of a green catalyst in organic reactions. Properties such as reactivity, renewability and biodegradability make this polysaccharide as an eco-friendly organocatalyst. In the synthesis of organic compounds, the development of effective methods for the synthesis of 4H-pyran compounds is important because of its extensive medicinal and biological activities. In this study, ZnFe2O4@alginic acid nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple procedure. Then, it was utilized as a green, cost-effective and heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives with a one-pot three‐component reaction between various aromatic aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile. Conventional methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curve and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis were employed to characterize the prepared nanocomposite. This protocol offers some beneficial features such as green catalyst, mild reaction conditions, simple procedure, easy workup, short reaction times and significant yield of the products. The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite caused its easy separation by using an external magnetic field from the reaction mixture without significant loss of its catalytic activity.
A three‐component reaction of olefins, indoles, and diaryl diselenides catalyzed by copper chloride under irradiation of blue LED light is disclosed. Various diaryl diselenides including diheteroaryl ...diselenides are suitable for this bifunctionalization of olefins. This protocol provides 26 examples of β‐(hetero)arylselenyl indoles in 60%–87% yields. The proposed mechanism involves activation of diaryl diselenides by coordination with copper chloride, generation of arylselenium cations by heterolysis of activated diaryl diselenides, electrophilic addition of arylselenium cations to styrenes, and then Friedel–Crafts‐type alkylation at the 3‐position of NH‐indoles.
A three‐component reaction of styrenes, indoles, and diaryl diselenides catalyzed by copper chloride under irradiation of blue LED light is disclosed. This protocol provides 26 examples of β‐(hetero)arylselenyl indoles in 60%–87% yields. The proposed mechanism involves the activation of diaryl diselenides by coordination with copper chloride, generation of arylselenium cations by heterolysis of activated diaryl diselenides, electrophilic addition of arylselenium cations to styrenes, and then Friedel–Crafts‐type alkylation at the 3‐position of NH‐indoles.
Organoseleniums bearing a heterocyclic ring are of interest because of their application as biologically active compounds. Herein, we describe a simple three-component synthesis of ...4-arylselanylpyrazol-3-ones. The reaction of pyrazol-3-ones, including antipyrine, with triarylbismuthines and Se powder in the presence of CuI (10 mol%) at 120 °C under aerobic conditions afforded various 4-arylselanylpyrazol-3-ones. Using Se powder and triarylbismuthine as an aryl source, different arylselanyl groups could be easily introduced at the 4-position of pyrazolones. This reaction is the first example of the synthesis of 4-arylselanylpyrazol-3-ones in a multicomponent system.
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A facile and environmentally friendly visible-light-induced three-component reaction of α-diazoesters, cyclic ethers and NaSCN to construct organic thiocyanates has been developed at room ...temperature. This reaction could occur under photocatalyst- and additive-free conditions to afford a number of organic thiocyanates with moderate to good yield and favorable functional group tolerance.
GRAA facile and green visible-light-induced protocol for the assembly of organic thiocyanates from α-diazoesters, cyclic ethers and NaSCN has been described. This three-component reaction could undergo smoothly under mild conditions to afford a series of structurally diverse organic thiocyanates in moderate to good yields. Display omitted
In the present study, a nanomagnetic bisethylferrocene‐containing ionic liquid (IL) supported on silica‐coated Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2@{CH2}3‐Imidazolium‐Fc{H2PO4}, was designed and synthesized as a novel ...catalyst using a simple chemical co‐precipitation procedure. The synthesized nanoparticles were identified by using EDX, FE‐SEM, XRD, and FT‐IR techniques. The catalytic activities of the novel magnetic nanoparticle were tested in the one‐pot synthesis of hydroxycoumarin derivatives through the three‐component reaction (t‐CR) between 4‐hydroxycoumarin, various aromatic aldehydes, and secondary amines at room temperature. Based on the obtained results, the prepared nano‐catalyst has progressed through a t‐CR due to the presence of acidic and basic segments in its structure. The short reaction time, high yield, eco‐friendly properties, and easy work‐up are some of the advantages of new synthesized nanomagnetic catalysts. The easy separation of the new magnetic catalyst from the reaction mixture makes it possible to reuse it after washing and drying.
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•Multicomponent synthesis of novel naphthoquinone-chalcone hybrids was shown.•The reaction was performed under mild and metal-free condition.•The plausible mechanisms for the ...formation of compounds 7a-m, 24a-c were discussed.
A facile and efficient synthesis of novel naphthoquinone-based chalcone hybrids (7 and 24) via the microwave-assisted one-pot three-component reactions of 2-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinones, N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA), and acetophenone derivatives has been reported. Whereas the synthesis of hybrids 7 proceeded via a condensation, 1,4-addition, rotation, elimination, and 1,3-H shift sequence of steps, the synthesis of hybrids 24 were formed through a three-step sequence including condensation, 1,4-addition, and elimination reactions.
