The energy transition represents an economic opportunity in many countries, but it can also disproportionately affect vulnerable households. Although increasing attention has been paid on energy ...poverty at homes, there is another dimension in which research has not yet placed enough emphasis: Transport poverty. This study proposes a framework for measuring transport poverty that uses information from the Household Budget Survey (HBS), a standardized database that is available every year in many countries. We develop and test 3 indicators that cover the affordability dimension of transport poverty (10%, 2 M, LHIC) and another one that also includes the accessibility dimension (VTU). Our research is supplemented by a statistical analysis that enables us to identify the drivers of transport poverty and by an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each metric. This framework offers a new common base for measuring transport poverty in different regions and enables transport poverty to be tracked over time.
•Identifying transport vulnerable groups enables designing just transition policies.•We propose a new framework for measuring transport poverty based on the HBS.•The framework can be scaled up and enables transport poverty to be tracked over time.•We develop 3 affordability metrics and 1 easily replicable composite measure.
The strategic role of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) at the Italian level has also been underlined by the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan, which has provided an important economic ...endowment to relaunch the national economy, in general, and the Campania region territorial economy, in particular. Literature and best practices clearly show that many factors determine the success of a SEZ, with transport accessibility being one of the key factors. This study performs a transport accessibility analysis both at national and first/last-leg levels, by comparing the accessibility of the Campania SEZ areas, the other SEZ areas in Italy and all the other Italian local labour systems. The study focuses on the Campania region, as it represents the first Italian pilot project of spatial planning through the establishment of SEZs. The Campania region exhibits, on average, good transport accessibility both at a national level (considering the multi-modal freight Italian transport network) and at a first/last-leg level (considering relevant nodes of the network, such as tollbooths, freight stations, ports, interports and airports). Also, the impact of SEZ implementation on land use planning has been discussed, to provide a useful tool for stakeholders that are interested in revitalizing the area, at different levels: i) land use policymakers, to plan interventions/planning concerning infrastructures and spatial planning; ii) national policymakers, to establish SEZs in other geographical areas; iii) investors, to assess the convenience of investments in this geographical area.
•SEZ Campania (South Italy) is the first pilot project of National SEZ in Italy.•The accessibility, both active and passive, to/from SEZ areas is analysed.•The analysis provides useful insights to stakeholders and public decision-makers.•The analysis can be used to assist spatial planning in the area.
Ensuring women receive vital prenatal care is crucial for maternal and newborn health. Limited research explores factors influencing prenatal care-seeking from a geospatial perspective. This study, ...based on a substantial Wuhan dataset (23,947 samples), investigates factors influencing prenatal care-seeking, focusing on transport accessibility and hospital attributes. Findings indicate a nuanced relationship: (1) A non-linear trend, resembling an inverted “U,” reveals the complex interplay between transport accessibility, hospital attributes, and prenatal care visits. Hospital attributes have a more pronounced impact than transport accessibility. (2) Interaction analysis underscores that lower prenatal care visits relate to low-income and education levels, despite reasonable public transport accessibility. (3) Spatial disparities are significant, with suburban areas facing increased obstacles compared to urban areas, particularly for those in suburban rural areas. This study enhances understanding by emphasizing threshold effects and spatial heterogeneity, offering valuable perspectives for refining prenatal care policies and practices.
•Find a complex, inverted “U"-shaped link between transport accessibility, hospital attributes, and prenatal care visits.•Hospital attributes outweigh transport access for prenatal care.•Lower prenatal care visits are tied to lower income and education levels, even with good transport accessibility.•Significant spatial differences exist, with more obstacles in suburban centers and suburban rural areas.
Public transport accessibility is necessary to avoid transport disadvantage and car dependency. This study investigates how trade-offs between public transport accessibility, house size and the ...ethnic variation of neighbourhoods vary among residentially relocating first-time parents in the multi-ethnic Oslo region. The study employs structural equation models and observes two main patterns. First, households with higher income face, as expected, more opportunities and a reduced need to make difficult trade-offs. Second, as compared to immigrants, native Norwegians have a greater preference for spacious housing and ethnically uniform neighbourhoods, which leads to lower public transport accessibility levels. The results show how traditional theories of urban attractiveness and transport inequality are complicated in multi-ethnic cities. This knowledge is useful for policy makers developing policies intended to ensure a just transition to low-emission mobility.
•Accessibility is opted out in favour of house space and neighbourhood composition.•Different trade-offs lead to lower accessibility levels for natives than immigrants.•Higher income reduces the need to make residential trade-offs.•Transport inequality is partly explained by varying residential preferences.
The quantitative measurement of accessibility through public transport has become more complex and accurate over time. However, it lacks many of the deeper nuances of how people actually experience ...their travel environments. Our previous works have highlighted the importance of incorporating the lived travel experiences of passengers within accessibility indicators, considering the quality of the walking environment and different attributes of the public transport services.
Building on these works, this mixed-method research seeks to further improve the characterization of accessibility according to users' travel experiences, as described by those attributes that inhibit or enhance access to opportunities within the city. We use content analysis of focus groups, data gathered in a brief survey and sociodemographic and public transport data for our analyses. Our main contributions are (i) to develop a conceptual framework to analyze qualitative data on how people relate and discuss their public transport accessibility experiences and (ii) to develop accessibility indicators differentiating user perceptions. We apply this novel conceptual framework and methods to the unique urban morphology of two municipalities of Santiago de Chile.
We identified different ‘socially constructed’ narratives for buses and metro. The participants focused on barriers to accessibility, showing an important relationship between them, as well as substantial differences in their overarching positive perception of metro and negative for buses. However, when disaggregating the analysis by primary transport mode and location, we found ‘hidden’ values for buses, recognizing its capillarity and underlying connectivity with the metro system. Furthermore, we found a dissimilar perception of transport environments when disaggregating the analysis by gender, age and location, which translated into different accessibility profiles for the various public transport users. From these experiential qualitative perspectives, it was thus possible to determine some attributes that had been previously overlooked in more quantitative studies but which are important when analyzing public transport accessibility for different population groups.
•We found interrelation among accessibility barriers, especially between vulnerable people•We found a ‘hidden’ value for buses, particularly among public transport users•We identified different ‘socially constructed’ narratives for buses and metro•We found a dissimilar perception of transport environment by gender, age and location•We measured different accessibility profiles for the various public transport users
Many young adults are susceptible to obesity issues and the increased health risks associated with a lack of physical activity. Those who are prone to gaining weight include university students. An ...active transport system (walking and cycling), in combination with well-funded public transport, are essential components of a sustainable urban transport network, offering many benefits to the health of the individual, as well as the environment, economy, and society as a whole. The spatial association between active mobility (i.e. the physical activity of a human being for locomotion) of young adults and the environment, however, is poorly understood. This study presents a GIS-based model to determine association of various environmental (natural and built environment) factors with locational accessibility of active and public transport trips taken by university students. A GIS-based ensemble of Frequency Ratio (FR) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was established. We analysed the characteristics of locations accessed by university students in relation to eight environmental factors including slope, elevation, land use, population density, travel time, building density, intersection density, and public transport service area. The model was applied to the Grenoble metropolitan region of France, an area well-known for policies which promote active transport. The results indicated that intersection density and land use are strongly associated with active and public transport accessibility, with weights of 0.17 and 0.16, respectively. The presence of infrastructure to support active travel, and regulation to limit vehicular speed, also improved accessibility. Approximately 50% of the area of the Grenoble metropolitan region was defined as accessible and suitable ("moderate" to "very high" degree) for active mobility. The results of this study could allow city planners to monitor the existing status of active and public transport facilities, and identify areas that require additional work to improve accessibility.
U radu su istražena obilježja prirodnog kretanja stanovništva Republike Hrvatske (stope nataliteta, mortaliteta i prirodne promjene) na razini gradova i općina, odnosno LAU jedinica u razdoblju ...2013.—2019. Fokus istraživanja bio je na odrednicama prirodnog kretanja stanovniπtva (rodnost, smrtnost) kao na glavnim determinantama prirodne depopulacije. Perifernost je konceptualizirana kao trajanje putovanja od LAU jedinica do pripadajuÊih æupanijskih srediπta (u minutama). Naime, u æupanijskim srediπtima locirana je glavnina centralnih funkcija u pojedinoj županiji, iz Čega proizlazi mogućnost mjerenja perifernosti svake LAU jedinice. Nakon izračuna svih vremena potrebnih da se iz svake LAU jedinice doputuje do pripadajuÊega æupanijskog srediπta, te jedinice podijeljene su u Ëetiri zone, s obzirom na vrijeme putovanja. Analizirana su, za svaku zonu posebno, obiljeæja prirodnog kretanja stanovniπtva (2013.—2019.). Autor je postavio glavnu hipotezu (H) da funkcionalna perifernost nepovoljno utjeËe na rodnost i smrtnost, i to tako da se u perifernijim naseljima rađa manji broj djece, umire više osoba, te je općenito nepovoljno ukupno kretanje stanovništva. U istraživanju su primijenjene statističko-matematičke metode u kombinaciji s GIS analizom
This research aims to create and test a new combined model to identify causal relationships between the perceived accessibility of the non-rail urban ground public transport (UGPT) route network and ...consumer experience in megacities. The methods used in the research are based on a combination of two models for assessing the perceived accessibility of UGPT passengers and the frequency of UGPT use. An online survey of 1,500 megapolis residents based on the quota sample was organized. Contingency tables were used to test the hypothesis, with the result reliability at a significance level of 5%, which was checked using the chi-square test. The impact of consumer experience on passengers’ perceived accessibility of the UGPT route network was identified. The relationship between the attributes of transport accessibility and the passengers’ frequency of using UGPT highlights significant differences between the perceived accessibility of transport and the frequency of using UGPT. Practical recommendations were formulated for developing transport accessibility for residents of megacities. The novelty of the research lies in the combined approach, which provides a deep understanding of causal relationships between customer experience (frequency of using UGPT) and the residents’ perceived accessibility of UGPT services. This helps to develop a theoretical model and practical recommendations for the improvement of the public UGPT system and transport services. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-023 Full Text: PDF
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