Latin America and the Caribbean are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change. Over the past two decades, the countries in the region have experienced as many as 1 350 natural disasters ...attributable to the climate, affecting more than 170 million people.We analysed climate risks in Latin America and the Caribbean, expanding the analysis to understand what these risks imply for the financial sector, particularly for banks. We conclude that the aggregate physical climate risk of the banking sector is the highest in the Caribbean while for transition risk the picture is more homogenous. Finally, we note that capital flows for climate projects in the Latin America and the Caribbean region have been lagging other regions in the world. Against the backdrop of considerable financing needs, the international financial community and public development banks have an important role to play to support both public and private green investments providing long-term, patient funding at affordable rates and sharing part of the risks.
Pandemija covida-19 je pomenila velik pretres za turizem po svetu in v Sloveniji. Prišlo je do močnega zmanjšanja števila turističnih potovanj in prenočitev ter preusmeritve turističnih tokov. ...Prispevek predstavlja rezultate anketne raziskave, katere namen je bil poglobiti poznavanje učinkov pandemije covida-19 na turistično ravnanje slovenskega prebivalstva. Rezultati so pokazali, da je pandemija vplivala na manj pogosta in krajša turistična potovanja ter izbiro drugačnih turističnih destinacij. Pri sprejemanju potovalnih odločitev je bila pomembna tako vloga epidemioloških omejitev in zaznavanja varnosti različnih oblik turističnih potovanj kot tudi običajnih dejavnikov turističnega odločanja.
Živimo v času, ko razvoj novih, naprednih tehnologij zahteva široko družbeno podporo, saj lahko te le tako kakorkoli prispevajo k blagostanju celotnega človeštva. V tem okviru se povečuje ...pomen sodelovanja naravoslovcev in družboslovcev. Sintezna biologija kot ena najbolj naprednih novih tehnologij zasluži posebno pozornost družbene in humanistične misli. Področje sintezne biologije je za družbo še vedno precej velika neznanka. Prispevek podaja kritično oceno družbenih koristi in tveganj današnjega ter prihodnjega razvoja sintezne biologije. Avtor prispevka izhaja iz osnovne predpostavke, da danes različne nadzorne institucije veliko pozornosti namenjajo okoljskim tveganjem sintezne biologije, vse premalo pa se ukvarjajo z ekonomskimi tveganji, ki v končni fazi lahko pripeljejo do zaustavitve razvoja te nove in za prihodnost družbe pomembne tehnologije.
Dance-related injuries have become a field of great interest to researchers, with the most commonly reported injuries being those sustained by ballet dancers. However, there is a lack of research ...into injuries sustained by those who perform modern and hip-hop dance.
A systematic literature review using the MEDLINE research database was performed and a search carried out for full-text studies that investigate injuries in modern and hip-hop dance.
While a total of 74 hits were obtained from various searches, only nine studies were included in the systematic literature review. Six of them examined modern dancers, two examined break dancers and one examined hip-hop dancers. The results show that hip-hop dancers (and especially break dancers) sustain more injuries in comparison to modern dancers. The most common injuries are in the lower extremities, with studies revealing that overuse injuries occur in up to 71% of cases.
The injury incidence rate in hip-hop dance seems to be higher compared to modern dance, chiefly because of the more demanding biomechanics involved and the dance techniques employed. Prevention management can have a positive effect on the number of injuries.
V velikih mestih je varnost pomemben dejavnik. Strah pred kriminalom pa je dejavnik, ki ni odvisen od dejanske stopnje kriminala, ampak je neposredno povezan s kakovostjo prostora, ki vpliva na ...posameznikov občutek varnosti. Razlikuje se tudi glede na spol. V članku avtorici proučujeta strah pred kriminalom na javnih krajih na varnem območju velike metropole, pri čemer se osredotočata na to, kako na ta strah vplivajo prostorske značilnosti in kakšne so razlike med spoloma. Raziskava je bila leta 2017 izvedena v enem najvarnejših predelov Istanbula, ki ga tudi ženske dojemajo kot varnega. Vključevala je anketo, v kateri je sodelovalo 387 anketirancev in anketirank različnih starosti. Avtorici sta jih spraševali o strahu pred kriminalom na javnih krajih ter kdaj in zakaj ga občutijo. Izsledki so pokazali, da ženske tudi v varni soseski v mestu občutijo nekaj strahu ter da so med moškimi in ženskami pomembne razlike v tem, kako občutijo strah na javnih prostorih in v kakšnih okoliščinah.
Among young adults, high rates of binge drinking were observed in certain European countries. Binge drinking is associated with several health problems (unplanned pregnancy, HIV infections, problems ...with memory, and injuries). The aim of this questionnaire-based study was to measure the frequency of binge drinking and its association with sociodemographic, familial, lifestyle factors and school performance among secondary and university students (n=2449) in Csongrád County, Hungary.
In this cross-sectional study the students' sociodemographic data, parents' educational and economic level, and students' academic performance and self-reported use of tobacco, drugs, and alcohol were collected by a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were applied using SPSS 24.0 software.
Altogether 2449 Hungarian secondary school students and university students participated in the study. Nearly one-third of the students were classified as binge drinkers, significantly more male university students. Tobacco or illicit drug use resulted in higher odds of being a binge drinker in both subgroups. Poor school performance and binge drinking were significantly correlated especially among secondary school students.
Targeting alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use together, including education, parent interventions, and public health policies, are crucial in the prevention of possible serious consequences.
Published research studies in Central Europe have been mostly oriented toward occupational stress among schoolteachers. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of occupational stress in ...kindergarten teachers and to specify psychosocial risks associated with their work.
The study was conducted by using a Meister questionnaire and a Psychosocial risk questionnaire. The data collection was obtained from kindergarten teachers in 2017. The survey link with request was sent to participants via email. A total 287 questionnaires from 67 kindergarten schools were collected.
192 (66.9%) teachers perceived their work as mentally burdensome. Teachers who perceived their work as mentally non-burdening were more likely to report autonomy in their work (p=0.001), fair performance evaluation (p=0.010), sufficient family time (p=0.005), a health-protected workplace (p=0.000) and absence of violence and bullying (p=0.042). Teachers with a university degree perceiving work as mentally burdensome reported that their work was not adequately assessed (p=0.034). Teachers over 45 years of age with school practice of over 20 years reported injustice in evaluating work performance against younger colleagues (p=0.000).
Kindergarten teachers reported overloading, time pressure, and high responsibility, but considered their work interesting. However, changing the way teachers work in schools can reduce teacher resignation and improve teachers' well-being.
The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported incidence and prevalence of running-related injuries among participants of the 18
Ljubljana Marathon, and to identify risk factors for their ...occurrence.
A customized questionnaire was distributed over registration. Independent samples of t-test and chi-square test were used to calculate the differences in risk factors occurrence in the injured and non-injured group. Factors which appeared significantly more frequently in the injured group were included further into multiple logistic regression analysis.
The reported lifetime running injury (absence >2 weeks) incidence was: 46% none, 47% rarely, 4% occasionally, and 2% often. Most commonly injured body regions were: knee (30%), ankle and Achilles' tendon (24%), foot (15%), and calf (12%). Male gender, running history of 1-3 years, and history of previous injuries were risk factors for life-time running injury. In the season preceding the event, 65% of participants had not experienced any running injuries, 19% of them reported minor problems (max 2 weeks absenteeism), but 10% and 7% suffered from moderate (absence 3-4 weeks) or major (more than 4 weeks pause) injuries. BMI was identified as the solely risk factor.
This self-reported study revealed a 53% lifetime prevalence of running-related injuries, with the predominate involvement of knee, ankle and Achilles' tendon. One out of three recreational runners experienced at least one minor running injury per season. It seems that male gender, short running experience, previous injury, and BMI do increase the probability for running-related injuries.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is measuring a patient's experience of his health status and represents an outcome of medical interventions. Existing data proves that a healthy lifestyle is ...positively associated with HRQoL in all age groups. Patients with a high risk for cardiovascular disease typically led an unhealthy lifestyle combined with risk diseases. We aimed to analyse these characteristics and their reflection in HRQoL.
A cross-sectional study in 36 family practices, stratified by location and size. Each practice invited 30 high-risk patients from the register. Data were obtained from medical records and patient questionnaire. The EQ-5D questionnaire and the VAS scale were used for measuring the patient's HRQoL as an independent variable.
871 patients (80.6% response rate) were included in the analysis. 60.0% had 3-4 uncontrolled risk factors for CVD. The average VAS scale was 63.2 (SD 19.4). The correlation of EQ-5D was found in the number of visits in the practice (r=-0.31, p<0.001), the socioeconomic status (r=-0.25, p=0.001), age (r=-0.27, p=0.001) and healthy diet (r=0.20, p=0.006). In a multivariate model, only physical activity among lifestyle characteristics was an independent predictor of HRQoL (p=0.001, t=3.3), along with the frequency of visits (p<0.001, t=-5.3) and age (p=0.025, t=-2.2).
This study has been performed on a specific group of patients, not being "really sick", but having less optimal lifestyle in many cases. Encouragement to improve or keep healthy lifestyle, especially physical activity, is important, not only to lower the risk for CVD, but also to improve HRQoL.
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