Uvod: Opravljena je bila analiza pojavljanja dejavnikov tveganja nezdravega načina prehranjevanja med odraslimi prebivalci Slovenije glede na biološke in sociodemografske spremenljivke.
A handbook for managing psychosocial risks and absenteeism with e-OPSA tool' is an integral part of the new, freely available tool aimed at management of psychosocial risks and health-related ...absenteeism (e-OPSA~www.opsa.si). The general version e-OPSA is intended for employees in various sectors (education, training, manufacturing, ICT, trade, catering, transport, construction, agriculture, etc.). Besides introducing the problem of psychosocial burdens experienced by employees at their workplace and beyond, this handbook can be used as a useful instrument for designing a various promotional and preventive arrangements which bettering employees’ health and well-being in their working settings, as suggested by recent guidelines for psychosocial risks management. A handbook is based on interactive chapters, including also numerous links to supportive health promotion websites in order to facilitate the preparation of adequate measures and related activities, commonly carried out by professionals in the field of health and safety at work. A special chapter is dedicated to instructions for working with an online tool e-OPSA tool, enabling an assessment of employees’ psychosocial burdens and risks of developing an excessive stress, absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover and experiencing of workplace violence.
Uvod. Med nosečnostjo kadi 15 % do 25 % žensk. Znanstveni dokazi kažejo, da izpostavljenost kajenju povzroča nižjo porodno težo. Cilj te študije je oceniti povezavo med kajenjem med nosečnostjo, ...socialnodemografskimi značilnostmi matere in nizko porodno težo. Metode. Podatki so bili pridobljeni iz 1572 vprašalnikov, ki so jih izpolnile vse ženske, ki so v obdobju od leta 2008 do leta 2010 rodile v učni bolnišnici za ginekologijo »S. Anna« v Torinu (Italija). Za oceno povezave med socialno-demografskimi značilnostmi in porodno težo je bila uporabljena multipla logistična analiza; sledil je postopni pristop z »vzvratnim izločanjem« in ocena ustreznosti modela s pomočjo Hosmer- Lemeshowega testa. Rezultati. Univariatna analiza je razkrila, da kajenje cigaret (17 %), nižja stopnja izobrazbe (13 %) in ženski spol dojenčka (13 %) predstavljajo dejavnik tveganja, saj povečujejo tveganje, da bo imel otrok nizko porodno težo. Analiza z logistično regresijo je pokazala, da sta gestacijska starost in kajenje matere statistično povezani spremenljivki. Zaključki. Rezultati potrjujejo, da se porodna teža povečuje sorazmerno z gestacijsko starostjo ter da kajenje matere in spol otroka (ženski) povečujeta tveganje za nižjo porodno težo ob rojstvu. Logistična regresija dokazuje, da povezava med kajenjem matere in nizko porodno težo pomeni povečano tveganje za celotno populacijo (RO = 2,85), tako za novorojenčke moškega (RO = 3,45) kot tudi ženskega spola (RO = 2,44)
Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where the phenomena take place at nanoscale dimensions. Nanoparticles are particles with <100 nm in one dimension. They have ...different physical, chemical, electrical and optical properties than those that occur in bulk samples of the same material. Understanding these nanoscale properties and finding ways to engineer new nanomaterials will have a revolutionary impact, from more efficient energy generation and data storage to improved methods for diagnosing and treating diseases. Nanotechnology is poised to become a major factor in the world's economy and part of our everyday lives in the near future. Hundreds of tonnes of nanoparticles already enter the environment annually, but still very little is known of their interactions with biological systems. Recent studies indicate that some nanoparticles are not completely benign to biological and environmental targets. The challenge for toxicologists is to identify key factors that can be used to predict toxicity, permit targeted screening, and allow material scientists to generate new, safer nanoparticles with this structure-toxicity information in mind. The aim of this paper is to summarize some known facts about nanomaterials and discuss future perspectives, regulatory issues and tasks of the emerging branch of toxicology, that is, nanotoxicology.
Nanomateriali izboljšujejo kvaliteto našega Življenja, zato bo njihova uporaba na različnih področjih Življenja dramatično narasla. Po nekaterih ocenah bo imela nanotehnologija večji vpliv na druŽbno kot ga je imela industrijska revolucija. Kot posledica razmaha nanotehnologije se bo povečala poklicna in javna izpostavljenost nanodelcem ter izpostavljenost okolja. Nanodelci, ki nas najbolj zanimajo, so strukture, ki imajo v eni dimenziji manj kot 100 nm, in jih je izdelal človek. Njihove lastnosti se zaradi njihove majhnosti bistveno razlikujejo od lastnosti, ki jih imajo večji delci enake kemijske sestave. Šele v zadnjem času so se začela pojavljati vprašanja in vzpodbujati raziskave o potencialni nevarnosti nanodelcev. Trenutni rezultati toksikoloških študij potrjujejo kvarne učinke nanodelcev in navajajo, da nanodelci najverjetneje delujejo na organizem preko oksidativnega stresa. Študije nakazujejo številne posebnosti nanodelcev pri interakcijah s celicami, tkivi in organizmi. Najverjetneje je ta trenutek pomembno pridobiti čim več ustreznega znanja za oblikovanje regulative na področju varne proizvodnje in uporabe nanodelcev. Namen prispevka je povzeti Že znana dejstva o nanodelcih in predstaviti naloge nove smeri v toksikologiji, nanotoksikologije. V prispevku je povzeta najnovejša regulativa na področju ugotavljanja in zagotavljanja varnosti proizvodov nanotehnologij, navedene so nekatere koristne baze podatkov, razprave ter nacionalne in mednarodne smernice na področju nanotehnologije.
Introduction. 15 to 25% of women smoke during pregnancy. Scientific evidence suggests that exposure to smoking causes decreased birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation ...between smoking during pregnancy, maternal sociodemographic characteristics, and low birth weight. Methods. Data were derived from 1572 questionnaires administered to each woman that gave birth at the Gynecology Teaching Hospital “S. Anna” in Turin (Italy) during the period from 2008 to 2010. Multiple logistic analysis was used to evaluate the association between socio-demographic characteristics and birth weight; the stepwise approach with a “backward elimination” procedure was followed, and the goodness of fit of the model was estimated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results. The univariate analysis revealed that smoking cigarettes (17%), having a lower educational level (13%), and female sex of the infant (13%) seem to be risk factors, as they increase the risk of having a low birth weight child. Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age and maternal smoking are the statistically associated variables. Conclusions. The results confirmed that birth weight increases proportionally with the length of the gestational age and that maternal smoking and the child’s sex (female) increase the risk of having a lower birth weight. Logistic regression demonstrated that the association between maternal smoking and low birth weight shows an increased risk for the whole population (OR=2.85), for male (OR=3.45) and for female newborns (OR=2.44)
Uvod. Med nosečnostjo kadi 15 % do 25 % žensk. Znanstveni dokazi kažejo, da izpostavljenost kajenju povzroča nižjo porodno težo. Cilj te študije je oceniti povezavo med kajenjem med nosečnostjo, socialnodemografskimi značilnostmi matere in nizko porodno težo. Metode. Podatki so bili pridobljeni iz 1572 vprašalnikov, ki so jih izpolnile vse ženske, ki so v obdobju od leta 2008 do leta 2010 rodile v učni bolnišnici za ginekologijo »S. Anna« v Torinu (Italija). Za oceno povezave med socialno-demografskimi značilnostmi in porodno težo je bila uporabljena multipla logistična analiza; sledil je postopni pristop z »vzvratnim izločanjem« in ocena ustreznosti modela s pomočjo Hosmer- Lemeshowega testa. Rezultati. Univariatna analiza je razkrila, da kajenje cigaret (17 %), nižja stopnja izobrazbe (13 %) in ženski spol dojenčka (13 %) predstavljajo dejavnik tveganja, saj povečujejo tveganje, da bo imel otrok nizko porodno težo. Analiza z logistično regresijo je pokazala, da sta gestacijska starost in kajenje matere statistično povezani spremenljivki. Zaključki. Rezultati potrjujejo, da se porodna teža povečuje sorazmerno z gestacijsko starostjo ter da kajenje matere in spol otroka (ženski) povečujeta tveganje za nižjo porodno težo ob rojstvu. Logistična regresija dokazuje, da povezava med kajenjem matere in nizko porodno težo pomeni povečano tveganje za celotno populacijo (RO = 2,85), tako za novorojenčke moškega (RO = 3,45) kot tudi ženskega spola (RO = 2,44)
A handbook for managing psychosocial risks and absenteeism with e-OPSA tool' is an integral part of the new, freely available tool aimed at management of psychosocial risks and health-related ...absenteeism (e-OPSA~www.opsa.si). An adapted version of e-OPSA for employed in the health and social sector (hospitals, health care centres, homes for elderly people, centres for social work, residential care institutions, etc.). Besides introducing the problem of psychosocial burdens experienced by employees at their workplace and beyond, this handbook can be used as a useful instrument for designing a various promotional and preventive arrangements which bettering employees’ health and well-being in their working settings, as suggested by recent guidelines for psychosocial risks management. A handbook is based on interactive chapters, including also numerous links to supportive health promotion websites in order to facilitate the preparation of adequate measures and related activities, commonly carried out by professionals in the field of health and safety at work. A special chapter is dedicated to instructions for working with an online tool e-OPSA tool, enabling an assessment of employees’ psychosocial burdens and risks of developing an excessive stress, absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover and experiencing of workplace violence.
A handbook for managing psychosocial risks and absenteeism with e-OPSA tool' is an integral part of the new, freely available tool aimed at management of psychosocial risks and health-related ...absenteeism (e-OPSA~www.opsa.si). An adapted version of e-OPSA for employed in the selected activities of the public sector (public administration, municipalities, courts, public agencies, ministries, etc.). Besides introducing the problem of psychosocial burdens experienced by employees at their workplace and beyond, this handbook can be used as a useful instrument for designing a various promotional and preventive arrangements which bettering employees’ health and well-being in their working settings, as suggested by recent guidelines for psychosocial risks management. A handbook is based on interactive chapters, including also numerous links to supportive health promotion websites in order to facilitate the preparation of adequate measures and related activities, commonly carried out by professionals in the field of health and safety at work. A special chapter is dedicated to instructions for working with an online e-OPSA tool, enabling an assessment of employees’ psychosocial burdens and risks of developing an excessive stress, absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover and experiencing of workplace violence.
Potrošniška družba, družba tveganja in družba z nanja so samo nekatere oznake, ki poskušajo opisati socialne, ekonomske, kulturne in politične spremembe, ki so se z godile v drugi polovici dvajsetega ...stoletja. Za čas globalizacije je na ravni edukacijskih politik z načilno, da tudi številčne in ekonomsko bolj razvite nacije nimajo pravih možnosti v globaliziranem svetu, če ne bodo vlagale v edukacijo, katere kakovost bi presojali skladno z mednarodnimi standardi. Od tod izhodišča za razpravo o pomembnosti permanentnega izobraževanja, kamor spada tudi razprava o izobraževanju odraslih.
V prvem delu članka nas zanima vprašanje opredeljevanja zakonitosti človekove narave in njenih zakonov delovanja s posebnim poudarkom na sposobnostih in zmogljivostih odraslih za učenje. Ker pa se sposobnosti za učenje ohranjajo in oblikujejo bolj v tistih družbah, ki znajo dovolj sistematično pristopati k problemu vseživljenjskega učenja, se po drugi strani pokaže, da o vsem tem odločajo tudi predstave, ki jih goji neka družba o odrasli in starejši generaciji. Zato v drugem delu članka opišemo tudi, katere družbeno-ekonomske razmere ter institucionalne strukture pogojujejo možnost uresničevanja permanentnega izobraževanja kot naloge prihodnje družbe.
Pomanjkanje telesne aktivnosti in neustrezna prehrana lahko pripeljeta do prekomerne mase telesa in povečanega obsega pasu, ki je dejavnik tveganja za pojav bolezni, odvisnih od centralne ...porazdelitve telesnega maščevja. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali je telesna aktivnost študentk povezana s količino in porazdelitvijo maščevja ter oceniti njihovo ogroženost zaradi prekomerne trebušne zamaščenosti.
Raziskava je bila izvedena na Oddelku za biologijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Spremljano je bilo število tedenskih ur telesne aktivnosti, ki je pomenila kakršnokoli telesno gibanje, ki ga ustvarjajo skeletne mišice in ima kot posledico porabo energije. Študentke Fakultete za šport so bile združene v skupino »športnice« in telesno aktivne večinoma 15 ur tedensko več kot študentke »rekreativke«. Med skupinama so bile primerjane antropometrične vrednosti in ocena porazdelitve telesnega maščevja. Z indeksom pas - boki je bilo ovrednoteno tveganje za pojav bolezni, povezanih s prekomerno količino maščevja v predelu trebuha. Višja stopnja telesne aktivnosti športnic ni bila povezana z vrednostmi telesnih mer in s porazdelitvijo maščevja.
Glavnina študentk izkazuje sorazmerno več maščevja v predelu bokov kot na trebuhu. 5% študentk sodi v skupino z visokim do zelo visokim tveganjem za pojav bolezni, povezanih s centralnim tipom porazdelitve maščevja. Težje študentke imajo tudi statistično pomembno večji obseg pasu. Z vidika ocenjene količine in porazdelitve telesnega maščevja, se stopnja telesne aktivnosti študentk rekreativk ne razlikuje od tiste, ki jo izvajajo študentke Fakultete za šport.
Večina študentk ima periferno porazdelitev maščevja in nizko do zmerno tveganje za pojav srčno-žilnih bolezni. Potrebno je ustrezno obravnavati posameznice s centralnim tipom porazdelitve maščevja.
Lack of physical activity and inadequate nutrition can lead to excessive body weight and increased waist circumference, which is a risk factor for diseases linked to central body fat distribution. The purpose of the study was to determine the relation between the amount of body fat and its distribution to physical activity for female students.
It was also intended to assess their risk of morbidity due to excessive abdominal fatness. The study was conducted at the Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana. Time of weekly physical activity was observed as any bodily movement generated by skeletal muscle and as a result energy consumption. Students of the Faculty of Sports were grouped as “athletes” and physically active most of 15 hours per week more than students from the group “non-athletes”. Between them, anthropometric values and body fat distribution were compared. The waist-hip ratio was used for estimation of the risk of ill health associated with abdominal obesity.
Higher level of physical activity for athletes was not associated with typical body dimensions and fat distribution. The majority of female students demonstrated relatively more fat on the hips than on the abdomen. 5% of them demonstrated high to very high risk for diseases linked to central body fat distribution pattern. Female students with higher body weight have also significantly higher waist circumference. In terms of estimated body fat distribution, the level of physical activity for non-athletes does not differ from that which is carried out by the students of the Faculty of Sports.
Most female students have a peripheral fat distribution and a low to moderate risk for cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to adequately address individuals with a central fat distribution pattern.
Priročnik za obvladovanje psihosocialnih tveganj in absentizma s pomočjo orodja OPSA ('A handbook for managing psychosocial risks and absenteeism with OPSA tool') is an integral part of the new, ...freely available tool aimed at management of psychosocial risks and health-related absenteeism (tool OPSA), which also incorporates a questionnaire and an Excel file for recording and evaluation of data from the questionnaire. Besides introducing the problem of psychosocial burdens experienced by employees at their workplace and beyond, this handbook can be used as a useful instrument for designing a various promotional and preventive arrangements which bettering employees’ health and well-being in their working settings, as suggested by recent guidelines for psychosocial risks management. A handbook is based on interactive chapters, including also numerous links to supportive health promotion websites in order to facilitate the preparation of adequate measures and related activities, commonly carried out by professionals in the field of health and safety at work. A special chapter is dedicated to instructions for working with the Excel file of OPSA tool, enabling an assessment of employees’ psychosocial burdens and risks of developing an excessive stress, absenteeism, presenteeism, turnover and experiencing of workplace violence.
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