Further regional and spatial development of the Republic of Slovenia is based on a wide share of protected areas that pose significant demands for spatial planers. As an example of links between ...spatial planning and management of protected areas, in this paper we deal with the Triglav National Park (TNP) in NW Slovenia, particularly with the proposa I for its 2014-2023 management plan and to which extent this plan takes into account specific conditions that arise from risk areas due to natural hazards as a significant water management expert foundation for planning the use of space. The paper explicitly demonstrates that the determination of hazard and risk areas in Slovenia is truly necessary, and that only a detailed determination of hazard and risk areas in scales 1.1000 to 1:5000 makes possible detailed spatial planning and thus also the management of protected areas. From the discussion, it also follows that the proposed TNP management plan should be upgraded in the field of research by establishing a Scientific (research) council at the TNP Administration, and by establishing a specific targeted research program focused on research in TNP.
Older people and their strategies for coping with health risks Introduction: This article addresses the problems of one of the most vulnerable groups in society - older people. We examine the health ...risks facing older people in everyday life based on their own subjective perceptions. By analysing coping strategies, we discover diverse ways older people help themselves when faced with various risks. Methods: This paper is based on a study with a two-stage mixed method research design that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The initial quantitative survey data on the quota sample (N=558) is later expanded in the primary qualitative part employing a grounded theory approach with multi-stage coding procedures, analysing 35 semistructured in-depth interviews. Results: In older people's perceptions, health risks largely dominate. Health problems can highly endanger one's quality of life, which is strongly represented by the category of independence. To better cope with health-threatening circumstances of everyday life, older people use various active and passive coping strategies, ranging from the use of technological aids to self-limitation and receiving social support. Discussion: The analysis of coping strategies represents a suitable approach for observing older people as active agents promoting their own well-being. On the basis of their individual coping strategies, we are able to indirectly assess which areas we could do more in for the autonomy and social inclusion of older people in our society. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
During the last few decades there has been an increase in the use of methods of real estate investment and other investment analyses based on discounted cash flow. Despite the relatively wide use of ...discounted cash flow methods, project managers believe their own knowledge of these methods is insufficient even to the extent where this could lead to incorrect decisions (e.g. conflicting indications of the net present value method and the internal rate of return method). One of major drawbacks in the use of investment analysis methods that are based on discounted cash flow is unsatisfactory precision in the determination of the discount or the capitalization rate. Methods based on discounted cash flow are not only intended for project feasibility analysis; discounted cashflow serves as a basis for assessing special real estate within the mass real estate appraisal system in Slovenia. The article studies the importance of the discount rate when analysing and assessing real estate projects. The theoretical part presents the basis of discounted cash flow methods and composition of the discount rate or capitalisation rate and presents a simulation of the impact of the discount rate and capitalisation rate on investment evaluation and assessment results. The empirical part is based on a survey conducted among certified real estate appraisers in Slovenia. The survey was conducted in the second half of February and beginning of March 201 1. The response rate was 32.9 percent, indicating that almost one-third of all certified appraisers in Slovenia participated. Survey data were statistically analysed and the results provide us with the discount rate and calculated risk premium and capital recovery premium for various type of real estate. A statistical analysis of the survey data provides insights into the risk premium and capital recovery premium used for real estate appraisal and investment purposes.
During the last few decades there has been an increase in the use of methods of real estate investment and other investment analyses based on discounted cash flow. Despite the relatively wide use of ...discounted cash flow methods, project managers believe their own knowledge of these methods is insufficient even to the extent where this could lead to incorrect decisions (e.g. conflicting indications of the net present value method and the internal rate of return method). One of major drawbacks in the use of investment analysis methods that are based on discounted cash flow is unsatisfactory precision in the determination of the discount or the capitalization rate. Methods based on discounted cash flow are not only intended for project feasibility analysis; discounted cashflow serves as a basis for assessing special real estate within the mass real estate appraisal system in Slovenia. The article studies the importance of the discount rate when analysing and assessing real estate projects. The theoretical part presents the basis of discounted cash flow methods and composition of the discount rate or capitalisation rate and presents a simulation of the impact of the discount rate and capitalisation rate on investment evaluation and assessment results. The empirical part is based on a survey conducted among certified real estate appraisers in Slovenia. The survey was conducted in the second half of February and beginning of March 2011. The response rate was 32.9 percent, indicating that almost one-third of all certified appraisers in Slovenia participated. Survey data were statistically analysed and the results provide us with the discount rate and calculated risk premium and capital recovery premium for various type of real estate. A statistical analysis of the survey data provides insights into the risk premium and capital recovery premium used for real estate appraisal and investment purposes.
UCINCI VULKANSKIH ERUPCIJA NA OKOLIS I ZDRAVLJE Zuskin, Eugenija; Mustajbegovic, Jadranka; Jelinic, Jagoda Doko ...
Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju,
12/2007, Volume:
58, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Vulkani predstavljaju prijetnju za gotovo pola milijarde ljudi: danas je na Zemlji aktivno oko 500 vulkana, a svake se godine događa 10 do 40 njihovih erupcija. Posljedice erupcija vulkana odražavaju ...se na okoliš, utječu na klimu te na život i zdravlje ljudi, a vezani su uz pogoršanje socijalnih i gospodarskih uvjeta života. U okoliš s magmom uz vodenu paru (H2O), na površinu dospijevaju plinovi ugljikov dioksid (CO2) i sumporv dioksid (SO2), ugljikov monoksid (CO), vodikov sulfid (H2S), ugljikov sulfid (CS), ugljikov disulfid (CS2), klorovodik (HCl), vodik (H2), metan (CH4), fluorovodik (HF), bromovodik (HBr) i različiti organski spojevi te teški metali (živa, olovo, zlato). Njihovi nepovoljni učinci ovise o udaljenosti od vulkana te o eruptivnim obilježjima, tj. o viskozitetu magme i koncentraciji plinova. Štetnosti bliže vulkanu uključuju piroklastične rijeke, rijeke blata, plinova i vodene pare, potrese, zračne udare i tsunami. U štetnosti u udaljenim područjima ubrajaju se učinci toksičnosti vulkanskog pepela i zdravstveni problemi vezani uz dišni sustav, oči, kožu, zatim psihološke posljedice, ozljede, komunikacijski i transportni problemi, problem odlaganja otpada i opskrbe vodom, rušenje kuća, kao i pad strujnog napona. Dolazi do pogoršanja kvalitete vode i smanjenja kišnih razdoblja, oštećenja poljoprivrednih usjeva, uništavanja vegetacije. Za vrijeme vulkanskih erupcija i neposredno nakon njih povećan je morbiditet, posebno od respiratornih bolesti, a povećan je i mortalitet osoba zahvaćenih vulkanskom erupcijom. Nepovoljni zdravstveni učinci mogu se djelomično prevenirati pravodobnom primjenom zaštitnih mjera.
Nanomateriali izboljćujejo kvaliteto naćega življenja, zato bo njihova uporaba na različnih področjih življenja dramatično narasla. Po nekaterih ocenah bo imela nanotehnologija večji vpliv na družbno ...kot ga je imela industrijska revolucija. Kot posledica razmaha nanotehnologije se bo povečala poklicna in javna izpostavljenost nanodelcem ter izpostavljenost okolja. Nanodelci, ki nas najbolj zanimajo, so strukture, ki imajo v eni dimenziji manj kot 100 nm, in jih je izdelal človek. Njihove lastnosti se zaradi njihove majhnosti bistveno razlikujejo od lastnosti, ki jih imajo večji delci enake kemijske sestave. Šele v zadnjem času so se začela pojavljati vpraćanja in vzpodbujati raziskave o potencialni nevarnosti nanodelcev. Trenutni rezultati toksikoloćkih ćtudij potrjujejo kvarne učinke nanodelcev in navajajo, da nanodelci najverjetneje delujejo na organizem preko oksidativnega stresa. Študije nakazujejo ćtevilne posebnosti nanodelcev pri interakcijah s celicami, tkivi in organizmi. Najverjetneje je ta trenutek pomembno pridobiti čim več ustreznega znanja za oblikovanje regulative na področju varne proizvodnje in uporabe nanodelcev. Namen prispevka je povzeti že znana dejstva o nanodelcih in predstaviti naloge nove smeri v toksikologiji, nanotoksikologije. V prispevku je povzeta najnovejća regulativa na področju ugotavljanja in zagotavljanja varnosti proizvodov nanotehnologij, navedene so nekatere koristne baze podatkov, razprave ter nacionalne in mednarodne smernice na področju nanotehnologije.
Volcanoes pose a threat to almost half a billion people; today there are approximately 500 active volcanoes on Earth, and every year there are 10 to 40 volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions produce ...hazardous effects for the environment, climate, and the health of the exposed persons, and are associated with the deterioration of social and economic conditions. Along with magma and steam (H2O), the following gases surface in the environment: carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon sulphide (CS), carbon disulfide (CS2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen bromide (HBr) and various organic compounds, as well as heavy metals (mercury, lead, gold). Their unfavourable effects depend on the distance from a volcano, on magma viscosity, and on gas concentrations. The hazards closer to the volcano include pyroclastic flows, flows of mud, gases and steam, earthquakes, blasts of air, and tsunamis. Among the hazards in distant areas are the effects of toxic volcanic ashes and problems of the respiratory system, eyes and skin, as well as psychological effects, injuries, transport and communication problems, waste disposal and water supplies issues, collapse of buildings and power outage. Further effects are the deterioration of water quality, fewer periods of rain, crop damages, and the destruction of vegetation. During volcanic eruptions and their immediate aftermath, increased respiratory system morbidity has been observed as well as mortality among those affected by volcanic eruptions. Unfavourable health effects could partly be prevented by timely application of safety measures.
Vulkani predstavljaju prijetnju za gotovo pola milijarde ljudi: danas je na Zemlji aktivno oko 500 vulkana, a svake se godine događa 10 do 40 njihovih erupcija. Posljedice erupcija vulkana odražavaju se na okoliš, utječu na klimu te na život i zdravlje ljudi, a vezani su uz pogoršanje socijalnih i gospodarskih uvjeta života. U okoliš s magmom uz vodenu paru (H2O), na površinu dospijevaju plinovi ugljikov dioksid (CO2) i sumporv dioksid (SO2), ugljikov monoksid (CO), vodikov sulfid (H2S), ugljikov sulfid (CS), ugljikov disulfid (CS2), klorovodik (HCl), vodik (H2), metan (CH4), fluorovodik (HF), bromovodik (HBr) i različiti organski spojevi te teški metali (živa, olovo, zlato). Njihovi nepovoljni učinci ovise o udaljenosti od vulkana te o eruptivnim obilježjima, tj. o viskozitetu magme i koncentraciji plinova. Štetnosti bliže vulkanu uključuju piroklastične rijeke, rijeke blata, plinova i vodene pare, potrese, zračne udare i tsunami. U štetnosti u udaljenim područjima ubrajaju se učinci toksičnosti vulkanskog pepela i zdravstveni problemi vezani uz dišni sustav, oči, kožu, zatim psihološke posljedice, ozljede, komunikacijski i transportni problemi, problem odlaganja otpada i opskrbe vodom, rušenje kuća, kao i pad strujnog napona. Dolazi do pogoršanja kvalitete vode i smanjenja kišnih razdoblja, oštećenja poljoprivrednih usjeva, uništavanja vegetacije. Za vrijeme vulkanskih erupcija i neposredno nakon njih povećan je morbiditet, posebno od respiratornih bolesti, a povećan je i mortalitet osoba zahvaćenih vulkanskom erupcijom. Nepovoljni zdravstveni učinci mogu se djelomično prevenirati pravodobnom primjenom zaštitnih mjera.
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