A list of the known bryophyte syntaxa in Turkey compiled according to the methodology of Braun-Blanquet is presented in this study. Altogether, 41 associations and 19 subassociations belonging to 19 ...alliances, 12 orders, and eight bryosociological classes have been determined to date in Turkey. Moreover, six communities and 17 units of unknown phytosociological status have also been reported. The bryosociological syntaxa are grouped on the basis of their aquatic, terrestrial, or epiphytic character and given together with their localities and synonyms.
A total of 546 releves collected in western Bulgaria and referred to Festuco-Brometea were classified into the alliances Festucion valesiacae, Saturejion montanae, Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati and ...Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae. All releves assigned to alliance Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati were further classified towards lower level which resulted in the description of a new association - Hieracio pilosellae-Festucetum dalmaticae and two new subassociations added to ass. Galio lovcense-Artemisietum chamaemelifoliae. Both associations were ecologically well differentiated on the basis of soil parameters (pH and humus content) as well as some additional factors (exposition, land use, etc.).
V zahodni Bolgariji smo naredili 546 vegetacijskih popisov, ki jih uvrščamo v razred Festuco-Brometea in dalje v zveze Festucion valesiacae, Saturejion montanae, Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati in Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae. Vse popise, ki smo jih uvrstili v zvezo Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati smo členili na nižje sintaksonomske enote. Opisali smo novo asociacijo - Hieracio pilosellae-Festucetum dalmaticae in dodali dve novi subasociaciji k asociaciji Galio lovcense-Artemisietum chamaemelifoliae. Obe asociaciji sta ekološko jasno ločeni na podlagi talnih parametrov (pH in vsebnost humusa) in nekaterih dodatnih dejavnikov (ekspozicija, raba tal, itd.).
This study focuses on mesic and xeric grasslands of mostly secondary origin, and that are influenced by human activity. Mesic grasslands are traditionally used for hay-making, and xeric ones for ...pastures. Over the last 20 years, livestock farming in Bulgaria has significantly declined so that less grass is needed. Many types of grasslands are no longer used and lots of abandoned fields can be found nowadays in Bulgaria. The analyses in this study are based on 868 releves collected on xeric and mesic grasslands according to the methodological approach of Braun- Blanquet. As a result, five alliances within two classes are recognized: the class Festuco-Brometea, represented by three alliances, namely Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati, Chrysopogono-Danthonion calycinae and Festucion valesiacae, and the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, represented by two alliances, namely Arrhenatherion elatioris and Cynosurion cristati. The majority of the managed grasslands are situated in close proximity to settlements. Most of the abandoned areas (30%) are found within Cirsio-Brachypodion alliance. These grasslands are characterized by the highest values of total cover of vegetation. They are located in the most distant and least accessible areas. If use is not resumed, all the abandoned grasslands will be under threat of extinction in the near future. At the same time, many arable lands have been abandoned and turned into grasslands by the processes of secondary succession.
V raziskavi smo se osredotočili na mezična in kserična travišča večinoma sekundarnega nastanka, ki so pod vplivom človekovih aktivnosti. Mezična travišča se tradicionalno uporabljajo za seno, kserična pa kot pašniki. V Bolgariji je živinoreja v zadnjih 20 letih močno upadla in je potreba po krmi manjša. S številnimi tipi travišč ne gospodarijo več in danes je v Bolgariji moč najti številne opuščene površine. V analizi smo zbrali 868 vegetacijskih popisov kseričnih in mezičnih travišč, narejenih z Braun-Blanquetovo metodo. Uvrstili smo jih v pet zvez in dva razreda: razred Festuco-Brometea, ki ga predstavljajo tri zveze Cirsio-Brachypodion pinnati, Chrysopogono- Danthonion calycinae in Festucion valesiacae in razred Molinio-Arrhenatheretea z dvema zvezama Arrhenatherion elatioris in Cynosurion cristati. Večina vzdrževanih travišč se nahaja v bližini naselij. Večino opuščenih površin (30%) uvrščamo v zvezo Cirsio-Brachypodion in za te travnike je značilno, da imajo največjo skupno pokrovno vrednost in se nahajajo v najbolj oddaljenih, težko dostopnih območjih. Če jih ne bomo ponovno začeli uporabljati, bodo v bližnji prihodnosti izginili. Obenem se opuščajo tudi številne obdelovalne površine, ki se spreminjajo v travnike v procesu sekundarne sukcesije.
The Association Stipeto-Convolvuletum Compacti ASS. Nova in Kosovo Serpentine vegetation of Kosovo represents a diversity which has not been sufficiently explored, yet. Kosovo's serpentine is spread ...in different parts of Kosovo at the altitudes of 400-2100 m. Large complexes with serpentine are found in the north of Kosovo, but the southern part of Kosovo is also rich in serpentine rocks and in endemic species. Using the principles and methods of the Zürich-Montpellier School we have explored the serpentine flora and vegetation of Gurana, an area in the south-east of Kosovo near the border with the Republic of Macedonia. This area has not been sufficiently researched because of the militarized border areas. During the research of these fields, we found species that were not present on the other serpentines of Kosovo. The species Convolvulus compactus Boiss. (syn. Convolvulus cochlearis) and Stipa mayeri dominate this terrain and create stands that we have classified as the association Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova. This association was researched during 2007-2010. Based on the results obtained and comparing them with the results of other authors, we have arrived at the conclusion that we are dealing with a new association which we called Stipeto-Convolvuletum compacti ass. nova.
The forests of the Tolfa-Ceriti mountains (Latium, central Italy) were investigated through a phytosociological approach. 249 relevés were performed and treated with multivariate analysis. 13 ...woodland communities were identified, of which 7 belong to Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, 1 to Fagetalia sylvaticae, 1 to Populetalia and 4 to Quercetalia ilicis. The thermophilous Turkey oak-forests occurring on the trachytic hills of the Ceriti Mountains and on the flysch substrates of the Tolfa Mountains were included in Rubio peregrinae-Quercetum cerridis ass. nova. Quercus cerris and Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa woodland communities of the footslopes have been ascribed to Fraxino oxycarpae-Quercetum cerridis, while the widespread mesophilus Turkey oak forests have been ascribed to Melico-Quercetum cerridis. Cephalantero longifoliae-Quercetum cerridis has been restricted to acid and oligotrophic soils. Quercus petraea woodlands, occurring on trachytic substrates have been described as a new association named Carici olbiensis-Quercetum petraeae ass. nova. All these mixed oak woods have been included in the alliance Crataego laevigatae-Quercion cerridis Arrigoni 1997. The nomenclatural problems concerning the prior name Teucrio siculi-Quercion cerridis Ubaldi 1988 are also discussed. The beech forests of the higher altitudes have been included in Fraxino orni-Fagetum sylvaticae, while the Alnus glutinosa ravine woodlands have been described as belonging to the new association Polysticho setiferi-Alnetum glutinosae. Secondary communities of Acer monspessulanum and Acer campestre developed on flysch substrates, and of Erica arborea and Arbutus unedo (Erico-Arbutetum unedonis) developed on trachytic substrates, have also been identified. Finally two types of Quercus ilex wood have been identified: Cyclamino repandi-Quercetum ilicis, on sandstones, and the new association Arbuto unedonis-Quercetum ilicis ass. nova on volcanic soils. This latter community can be considered as a coenological and geographical vicariant in central Italy of the sicilian Erico-Quercetum ilicis.
Fitocenološko so bili raziskani gozdovih na pogorju Tolfa-Ceriti (Lacij, osrednja Italija). Izdelano je bilo 249 fitocenoloških popisov, ki so bili obdelani z multivariantimi metodami. Ugotovljenih je bilo 13 gozdnih združb, od katerih jih 7 uvrščamo v red Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, 1 v red Fagetalia sylvaticae, 1 v red Populetalia in 4 v red Quercetalia ilicis. Termofilni cerovi gozdovi, ki jih najdemo v gričevnatem svetu pogorja Ceriti in se razvijejo na flišu v pogorju Tolfa, so vključeni v asociacijo Rubio pereginae-Quercetum cerridis ass. nova. Gozdovi cera (Quercus cerris) in ozkolistnega jesena (Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa) na vznožjih so uvrščeni v združbo Fraxino oxycarpae-Quercetum cerridis, medtem ko so široko razširjeni mezofilni cerovi gozdovi uvrščeni v združbo Melico-Quercetum cerridis. Združba Cephalanthero longifoliae-Quercetum cerridis je razširjena le na grušču na kislih in oligotrofnih tleh. Gradnovi gozdovi, ki se pojavljajo na trahičnem substratu, so uvrščeni v novo asociacijo Carici olbiensis-Quercetum petraeae. Vsi obravnavani mešani hrastovi gozdovi so vključeni v zvezo Crataego laevigatae-Quercion cerridis Arrigoni 1997; poleg tega pa obravnavamo tudi starejše ime Teucrio siculi-Quercion cerridis Ubaldi 1988. Bukove gozdove, ki se pojavljajo na večjih nadmorskih višinah, uvrščamo v združbo Fraxino orni-Fagetum sylvaticae, medtem ko jelševe gozdove, ki jih najdemo po grapah, uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Polysticho setiferi-Alnetum glutinosae. Ugotovili smo tudi sekundarni združbi, in sicer na flišu združbo trokrpega javorja (Acer monspessulanum) in maklena (Acer campestre) ter na trahičnem substratu združbo drevesaste rese (Erica arborea) in jagodičnice (Arbutus unedo) - Erico-Arbutetum unedonis. Ugotovili smo tudi dva tipa gozdov črničevja (Quercus ilex): Cyclamino repandi-Quercetum ilicis na peščenjakih in novo asociacijo Arbuto unedeonis-Quercetum ilicis ass. nova na vulkanskih tleh, ki jo lahko obravnavamo kot cenološko in geografsko vikariantno združbo združbe Erico-Quercetum ilicis, ki jo najdemo na Siciliji.
The present phytosociological study of the eastern Adriatic coastal salt-marsh at Blato, Croatia, is based on the Braun-Blanquet approach. Five plant associations were recorded in the area: Juncetum ...maritimo-acuti, Puccinellio festuciformis-Sarcocornietum fruticosae, Scirpetum maritimi, Enteromorpho intestinalidis-Ruppietum maritimae and Cressetum creticae. The association Cressetum creticae was found for the first time in Croatia as well as on the eastern Adriatic coast. This therophytic and halo-nitrophilous association shows a monospecific or paucispecific character and occupies the most haline and the driest parts of the salt-marsh. The association develops during the summer on silty clay substrates with organic matter derived from the decay of plants of the neighboring communities. According to key soil factor analysis no differences of grain size of the soils among the associations were found, while regarding electrical conductivity, Cl
and Na
concentrations were higher in the Cressetum creticae than in any of the others associations. The particular original features of the site regarding its flora and vegetation would justify some measures of protection and management.
Predstavljamo fitocenološko raziskavo obalnega slanega mokrišča Blato (Hrvaška) v vzhodnem Jadranu, ki smo jo naredili po Braun-Blanquetovi metodi. V raziskovanem območju smo zabeležili pet asociacij: Juncetum maritimo-acuti, Puccinellio festuciformis-Sarcocornietum fruticosae, Scirpetum maritimi, Enteromorpho intestinalidis- -Ruppietum maritimae in Cressetum creticae. Asociacija Cressetum cretice je na ozemlju Hrvaške in tudi na vzhodni obali Jadranskega morja opisana prvič. Terofitska in halo-nitrofilna asociacija je monospecifična ima siromašno vrstno sestavo in se pojavlja na najbolj slanih in suhih delih slanišča. Sestoji se razvijajo poleti na glineni podlagi z organsko snovjo, ki jo sestavljajo odmrli rastlinski deli s sosednjih združb. Analiza tal je pokazala, da med asociacijami ni bilo razlik v velikosti talnih delcev, električni konduktivnosti, koncentraciji Cl- in Na+ ionov pa sta bili v asociaciji Cressetum creticae višji kot ostalih asociacijah. Zaradi posebnosti v flori in vegetaciji bi bilo potrebno na preučevanem območju zagotoviti določene mere zaščite in ustrezen način upravljanja.
In the present study, epiphytic bryophyte vegetation of the Samanlı Mountains (northwest Turkey) was investigated on the basis of 191 relevés taken from the trunks of trees by the Braun-Blanquet ...method between 2015 and 2016. Nine epiphytic bryophyte associations and three subassociations were determined as a result of this investigation. Among them, two associations and two subassociations, viz., Neckero - Anomodontetum viticulosi, Neckero - Anomodontetum viticulosi - anomodontetosum viticulosi, Syntrichietum laevipilae, and Syntrichietum laevipilae - orthotrichetosum lyellii, were recorded for the first time in Turkey. In addition, epiphytic bryophyte vegetation was classified and ordinated using multivariate analysis techniques such as two-way indicator species analysis and detrended correspondence analysis. Besides that, the life form and life strategies of the species within syntaxa were analysed. As a result, it is established that while perennial stayers with a high sexual reproductive effort were dominant within the epiphytic bryophyte vegetation comparatively, the most abundant life form was the mat rough type.
In the present study, we investigated plant communities with Yellow Oat Grass (Trisetum flavescens (L.) Pb.) in the submontane and montane regions of Slovenia. In 2005-2007 ninety-one relevés were ...collected by using the standard procedure of the Braun-Blanquet approach. Relevés were analysed with multivariate analysis and classified within two associations: Astrantio-Trisetetum (Polygono-Trisetion) and the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (Arrhenatherion). Management practices, soil conditions and altitude were found to be significant factors for a further subdivision of both associations. Within the Astrantio-Trisetetum association three subassociations could be distinguished: -typicum, -buphthalmetosum and -trollietosum, and subassociations -typicum, -medicagetosumlupulinae, as well as -lolietosum subass. nova in the Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum. The floristic composition and ecological characteristics of these plant communities are described and their implications for grassland conservation in Slovenia are discussed.
V članku predstavljamo rezultate raziskave vegetacije travišč s prevladujočim rumenkastim ovsencem (Trisetumflavescens) v submontanskih in montanskih predelih Slovenije. V letih 2005-2007 smo popisali 91 vegetacijskih sestojev po standardni Braun-Blanquetovi metodi. Na osnovi multivariatnih analiz smo uvrstili travišča v dve asociaciji, in sicer v asociacijo Astrantio-Trisetetum (zveza Polygono-Trisetion) in asociacijo Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum (zveza Arrhenatherion). Nadaljnja členitev na nižje sintaksonomske enote obeh asociacij je pogojena predvsem s stopnjo intenzivnosti upravljanja s travišči, z različnimi edafskimi razmerami in nadmorsko višino. Tako ločimo v asociaciji Astrantio-Trisetetum naslednje sintaksone: subasociacije -typicum, -buphthalmetosum in -trollietosum, v asociaciji Pastinaco-Arrhenatheretum pa: -typicum, -medicagetosum lupulinae in -lolietosum subass. nova. Predstavljene so floristična sestava asociacij, njune ekološke značilnosti in varstveni vidiki obravnavanih travišč.
Z več kot 60 % gozdnih in blizu 25 % travnatih površin velja Slovenija za lep primer ‘zelene’ države. Nekoliko drugačno je stanje v visokogorju, kjer so zaradi višje nadmorske višine, nižje povprečne ...temperature in aktivnih pobočnih procesov rastiščni pogoji zaostreni. V pričujočem prispevku so predstavljene nekatere značilnosti melišč s poudarkom na pred-stavitvi vegetacijskih pasov. Slednje smo določili na podlagi terenskega popisa rastlinskih vrst na dvanajstih meliščih na območju Karavank, Julijskih in Kamniško-Savinjskih Alp.
Phytosociological and numerical analyses of grasslands dominated by Sesleria juncifolia s.l. in Serbia were performed in order to resolve their syntaxonomy and nomenclature. Twelve releves were ...sampled on Mt. Mučanj (western Serbia), which were then compared with similar releves from other parts of the Balkan Peninsula by means of numerical analyses. The releves were classified using cluster analysis, while the ordination was conducted using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). The results suggest the occurrence of two floristically well defined Dinaric associations in Serbia: Seslerio juncifoliae-Edraianthetum graminifolii ass. nova from Mt. Mokra Gora (Oxytropidion urumovii, Elyno-Seslerietea) and Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae ass. nova (Chrysopogono-Saturejion, Festuco-Brometea) from Mt. Mučanj.
Naredili smo fitocenološko in numerično analizo travišč v katerih prevladuje vrsta Sesleria juncifolia s.l. in predstavili sintaksonomske in nomenklaturne rešitve. Dvanajst vegetacijskih popisov smo naredili na gori Mučanj (zahodna Srbija) in jih z numeričnimi metodami primerjali s podobnimi popisi z drugih delov Balkanskega polotoka. Popise smo klasificirali s klastrsko metodo, za ordinacijo smo uporabili korespondenčno analizo z odstranjenim trendom (DCA). Rezultati kažejo na obstoj dveh floristično dobro utemeljenih dinarskih endemičnih asociacij v Srbiji: Seslerio juncifoliae-Edraianthetum graminifolii ass. nova z Mokre Gore (Oxytropidion urumovii, Elyno-Seslerietea) in Diantho petraeae-Seslerietum juncifoliae ass. nova (Chrysopogono-Saturejion, Festuco- -Brometea) z gore Mučanj.
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