In the context of the survivability of a firm’s supply chain during the worldwide COVID-19 crisis, there is still much to be explored. This study employs the viable system model to conceptualize the ...virtual enterprise, big data, and knowledge ambidexterity capability that can facilitate supply chain survivability. Empirical data have been collected from various industries in Indonesia (the largest labor force in Southeast Asia). SEM-SmartPLS and SPSS were used to validate the model. The results suggest that firms need to realize that the explorative and exploitative of knowledge have different effects and are integrated in different ways into the survivability of a supply chain. The findings also revealed two roles for mediation, whereby revolutionizing the explorative of knowledge and the analytics of big data through virtual enterprise are crucial strategies to achieves the survivability of the supply chain. A novel value added is the inclusion of a systems-environment perspective and knowledge-technology matrix, especially in times of crisis.
Development of ICT supports small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to collaborate temporarily based on core competencies, sharing resources and cost to exploit fast-changing opportunities. By adopting ...highly flexible collaborative network as known virtual enterprise (VE), the companies have been able to receive benefits of agility, competitiveness and optimization. Many researches have been done on VE and agility, but much less attention has been paid to investigate relation between VE and agility in SC complex situation. This paper aims to investigate relationship between the achievements for agility through joining in VE affiliation. Three distinct clusters were identified based on attributes belong to main dimension of reference structure. Popular used clustering algorithms of K-means and expectation maximization (EM) algorithm have adopted. Clusters have been named emerging players, major players and agile players based on their enabling level and capability level.
A Virtual Enterprise (VE) can be viewed as a project, with a lifecycle corresponding to the period between its creation and integration of the constituting elements until its dissolution, ...comprehending its operation and including its reconfigurations. The authors propose that the VE lifecycle is aligned and can be managed using the frameworks provided by several bodies of knowledge, such as the PMBoK Guide. In this paper the authors propose an alignment referential between the Project Management phases defined by PMBoK and management processes during the VE lifecycle.
Introduction
Despite increasing research on the transition of a well-established linear-oriented economic system toward the circular economy (CE) model, existing literature on the adoption and ...implementation of educational approaches that reinforce CE concept in secondary education seems to be limited. In light of the current challenges and the critical role of education in empowering students to explore new paths of sustainable development and grow into active citizens, conscious producers, and consumers, this study focuses on experiential learning as an effective tool for teaching CE and sustainability concepts. The literature review has revealed a research gap as regards the formulation of educational approaches to support CE concepts for secondary education students effectively, particularly in Greek vocational education. The present study describes and critically discusses how a virtual enterprise could introduce secondary-level students to the circularity and sustainability perspective, prepare them to build prosperity, and act circularly in the future.
Methods
Drawing on the activities of 32 students coming from different disciplines and participants in a virtual agri-business, we recommend practical educational strategies expecting (i) to encourage teachers to adopt innovative teaching methods and share good practices of CE teaching and (ii) to urge education policymakers to integrate the CE vision into school curricula.
Results and discussion
Furthermore, the students' responses to a structured questionnaire before and after the programme implementation indicate that experiential learning should be supported by the teaching of theoretical aspects for a better consolidation of abstract concepts such as CE and sustainability. The implementation of a circular enterprise by a student team consists of a positive prospect for the community and economy.
This paper presents a model for Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) in the modern era of data explosion and globalisation. Application here refers to software, which is in essence data system, ...and data refers to both information and knowledge (data serves as a vehicle for information as well as knowledge). The salient features of the model are: (1) separation of business functions from applications and enterprises, (2) three-layer architecture of the model (conceptual or semantic level, external or application level, internal or realisation level), and (3) integration of structured, semi-structured and non-structured data. To our best knowledge, the existing model or solution to EAI does not hold all the three features. A case study is presented to illustrate how the model works. The model can be used by an individual enterprise or a group of enterprises that form a network, e.g., a holistic supply chain network.
Despite the increasing academic interest in the virtual enterprise (VE), there are still two main lacunae in our understanding: conceptualisation of VE models and empirical research investigating ...real VE cases. This paper seeks to address these two gaps. In relation to the first, the paper provides a systematic literature review, showing six shared issues in the VE research (which may be considered the common foundations of the theoretical concept of the VE) and five non-shared issues (which may be considered as a framework to identify different forms of VE). On the basis of shared and non-shared issues, two VE types are identified (the hierarchical and the holarchical). In the hierarchical VE, a leader company acts as a product integrator and is responsible for the final product/service. In the holarchical VE, partners act as a single business entity and the self-organisation approach is the main coordination mechanism. The second gap is addressed through a questionnaire survey to explore the virtualisation process in 18 Italian companies participating in a network of firms characterised by a set of temporary peer relationships oriented to specific projects in which collaborative relationships are continuously formed and dismantled. Comparing the literature and the empirical evidence, a hybrid VE model some way between the hierarchical and holarchical models is evident. The hybrid model shares the relationships among peers with the holarchical model, and the presence of a coordinating firm with the hierarchical model. Similarities and dissimilarities of the above models are discussed together and future research directions are noted.
With the continuous attention on clean energy and energy abandonment, clean energy power generation – energy storage-energy using virtual enterprise (PGSU VE) centered on energy storage has been ...highly valued. The alliance can not only effectively integrate enterprise resources, but also efficiently adapt to the change of market environment. However, the various uncertainties in the alliance become a major obstacle to PGSU development. To ensure the healthy development of the alliance, risk evaluation has become a crucial step. This paper aims to identify risk factors through questionnaire survey and literature review and calculate the overall risk levels of PGSU VEs with an integrated approach with fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (fuzzy AHP). Results of factors identification consisted of market, social politics and environmental, capacity, cooperation and coordination, alliance formation and risk commitment and profit distribution risk categories. Overall risk levels of three VEs were calculated and ranked with proposed approach whose feasibility and consistency were verified through a comparative analysis with Best Worst Method (BWM) and Stochastic multi-criteria acceptability analysis (SMAA). Moreover, considering existing risks, some suggestions were put forward for future development of clean PGSU VE. The implications and limitations were presented in the conclusions.
Reverse supply chains are receiving increased attention for business and sustainability opportunities. As few organizations are adept at both forward and reverse supply chains, subcontracting various ...activities is imperative. Vendor selection that best achieves combined expertise for reverse supply chains, while quickly forming virtual enterprises to seize market opportunities, is an emerging issue. We formulate a novel 0-1 integer nonlinear optimization model, subsequently linearized to enable efficient computational performance, to select vendors that minimize the maximum formation time for creating agile virtual reverse supply chains. We then generate a portfolio of diverse, high-quality vendor assignments by adapting a recent algorithmic technique, thereby allowing industrial managers to address intangible factors into their final decisions. Computational experiments on simulated data demonstrate the model's efficiency for generating sets of high-quality and diverse solutions in reasonable timeframes.
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