Advances in information, communication, and computational technologies allow digital volunteer networks formed by concerned publics across the globe to contribute to an effective response to ...disasters and crises. Digital volunteer networks are event-centric and emergent networks. Currently, the literature is sharply growing in the fields of communication, computer science, emergency management, and geography. This article aims to assess the current status of the literature and suggest a comprehensive conceptual framework of digital volunteer networks in response to disasters and crises. This framework is based on a traditional input–process–output model consisting of three dimensions: the disaster and crisis context, a voluntary response process, and outputs and outcomes. We also discuss challenges of digital volunteer networks for crisis response. This article is expected to contribute to the development of related theories and hypotheses and practical strategies for managing digital volunteer networks.
Considering both personal and social perspectives, self-identity and reciprocity were analyzed to identify the underlying mechanisms used by opinion leaders to accumulate their social interaction ...ties in virtual communities. As a key factor in maintaining the operation of virtual communities, knowledge contribution is employed in our route model. An online survey conducted in several different virtual communities, yielded 666 useable responses. The research findings indicate that opinion leaders accumulate their social interaction ties through different routes such as self-identity, knowledge contribution, and reciprocity. We also observe that both knowledge contribution and reciprocity have a mediating effect on the relation between opinion leader status and social interaction ties. In addition, knowledge contribution has a mediating effect on the relationship between self-identity and social interaction ties; and on the relationship between reciprocity and social interaction ties. The indications and implications of our findings, as well as the limitations of our study, are discussed.
•We analyzed the mechanism underlies the dynamic process of opinion leaders in VCs.•Opinion leaders need to maintain and develop their social interaction tie in VCs.•Knowledge contribution plays a key role for opinion leaders to maintain their status.•Self-identity affects social interaction tie indirectly via knowledge contribution.•Reciprocity affects social interaction tie not only directly but also indirectly.
•We investigate the characteristics of the authors of Tweets containing suicidal intent or thinking, through the analysis of their online social network relationships and interactions.•Results show a ...high degree of reciprocal connectivity between the authors of suicidal content when compared to other studies of Twitter users, suggesting a tightly-coupled virtual community.•Analysis of the retweet graph identified bridge nodes and hub nodes connecting users posting suicidal ideation with users who were not, suggesting a potential for information cascade and risk of possible ‘contagion’.•Retweet graphs of suicidal content exhibit an average shortest path similar to that of a large comparison network, demonstrating large scale information propagation in small-scale networks.
In this paper we aim to understand the connectivity and communication characteristics of Twitter users who post content subsequently classified by human annotators as containing possible suicidal intent or thinking, commonly referred to as suicidal ideation. We achieve this understanding by analysing the characteristics of their social networks. Starting from a set of human annotated Tweets we retrieved the authors’ followers and friends lists, and identified users who retweeted the suicidal content. We subsequently built the social network graphs. Our results show a high degree of reciprocal connectivity between the authors of suicidal content when compared to other studies of Twitter users, suggesting a tightly-coupled virtual community. In addition, an analysis of the retweet graph has identified bridge nodes and hub nodes connecting users posting suicidal ideation with users who were not, thus suggesting a potential for information cascade and risk of a possible contagion effect. This is particularly emphasised by considering the combined graph merging friendship and retweeting links.
•We developed the full seismic functionality and recovery process of a six-story hospital.•We assumed a virtual community of additional five lifelines subjected to a scenario level earthquake.•We ...used a Markov Chain process and distributed the repair resources among all lifelines using dynamic optimization.•We estimated the quantity and quality portion of the hospital functionality during the entire recovery process.•We compared the results with and without including lifelines interdependency as well as with and without optimization.
Modeling the recovery process of a community’s infrastructure after the occurrence of extreme events is now at the forefront of research. Estimating post-disaster recovery of either single or multiple infrastructure in a community requires proper flow and interaction of information of the physical, economic and social components of the involved sectors. Understanding this recovery process is essential, particularly for critical infrastructure, such as a hospital, which is vital for a community’s well-being. In this study, the full seismic functionality and recovery process of a six-story hospital, located in Memphis, TN, is quantified and assessed using a comprehensive 3-D finite element model with soil-structure interaction. The hospital functionality assessment encompasses both the quantity and the quality of the hospitalization service. To account for hospital dependency on other infrastructure during the recovery process, a virtual community is assumed, and five additional lifelines are included in the analysis. The model accounts for limitation in resources within the community, expected economic return for each lifeline, and interdependencies between the different lifelines. The introduced framework is implemented using data gathered from historical earthquakes as well as assumed data as needed. Recoveries of the different lifelines are estimated using continuous Markov chain process, where the community resources are distributed among the different lifelines using dynamic optimization to either obtain the most economic return for the whole community or the fastest recovery of the hospital. In addition, the effect of including infrastrcture interdependence on the recovery of the hospital is evaluated. The results are further utilized to estimate the seismic resilience of the hospital.
The purpose of this paper is to show that research on the link between NICT and productivity is back in the news with the greater use of mobile networks and collaborative tools due to the Covid-19 ...pandemic. This pandemic there fore favours the virtual organization of functions, businesses and processes that affect productivity in the SMEs concerned. It seems tahtitis through a virtual organization process that the statistics of the NICT will be found in productivity. Thanks to the virtual organization, the impact of the NICT will no longer be neutral. The interest is also to shed light on the theory of the meaning of such a link by showing that this organization has consequences for workers in term of stress, work pressure and the SME its elfeven by the culture of urgency and the modification of classical hierarchial circuits and benchmarks. To demonstrate this we use results of as urvey of a sample of 120 service SMEs.
This document presents the result of recent developments within Ganga1 project to support users from new communities outside of HEP. In particular I will examine the case of users from the Large ...Scale Survey Telescope (LSST) group looking to use resources provided by the UK based GridPP23 DIRAC45 instance. An example use case is work performed with users from the LSST Virtual Organisation (VO) to distribute the workflow used for galaxy shape identification analyses. This work highlighted some LSST specific challenges which could be well solved by common tools within the HEP community. As a result of this work the LSST community was able to take advantage of GridPP23 resources to perform large computing tasks within the UK.
Objective
To provide insights for organizations that must rapidly deploy teams to remote work.
Background
Modern situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are rapidly accelerating the need for ...organizations to move employee teams to virtual environments, sometimes with little to no opportunities to prepare for the transition. It is likely that organizations will continually have to adapt to evolving conditions in the future.
Method
This review synthesizes the literature from several sources on best practices, lessons learned, and strategies for virtual teams. Information from each article deemed relevant was then extracted and de-identified. Over 64 best practices were independently and blindly coded for relevancy for the swift deployment of virtual teams.
Results
As a result of this review, tips for virtual teams undergoing rapid transition to remote work were developed. These tips are organized at the organization, team, and individual levels. They are further categorized under six overarching themes: norm setting, performance monitoring, leadership, supportive mechanisms, communication, and flexibility.
Conclusion
There is a significant deficit in the literature for best practices for virtual teams for the purposes of rapid deployment, leaving it to organizations to subjectively determine what advice to adhere to. This manuscript synthesizes relevant practices and provides insights into effective virtual team rapid deployment.
Extensive previous work has studied individuals' knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) in a virtual environment, revealing several key factors. However, prior work focused solely on simple correlations ...between these factors and KSB. And relatively little attention has been assigned to the complex relationships between them. This study argued that better understanding of the complex relationships may be more important because the nature and wide scope of the determinants of KSB may yield different interaction effects. Thus, to better understand the interaction effects of contextual factors and personal factors on KSB, this study adopted a person-situation interactionist approach which proposes that conscientiousness (C), job demands of skill variety (JDSV), and knowledge sharing self-efficacy (KSSE) have joint effects on virtual team (VT) members' KSB. We empirically validated the main effects and the two-way and three-way interaction effects using data collected from 219 VT members from an information technology company. Our results showed that (1) C, JDSV, and KSSE are all positively related to KSB; (2) KSSE positively moderates the relationship between C and KSB; and (3) JDSV and KSSE jointly moderate the relationship between C and KSB. This study offers a new research perspective on knowledge sharing and integrates personality traits theories, Job Characteristics Model, Job Demands-Resources Model, and social cognitive theory into a single research model to examine the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of KSB in a virtual environment. The results of the study might direct VT mangers how to recruit members and when to redesign members' job and foster their KSSE.
•Conscientiousness positively affects knowledge sharing behavior.•Job demands of skill variety positively affects knowledge sharing behavior.•Knowledge sharing self-efficacy positively affects knowledge sharing behavior.•Personality, job design, self-efficacy jointly affect knowledge sharing behavior.
Virtual teams in a gig economy Ye, Teng; Ai, Wei; Chen, Yan ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
12/2022, Volume:
119, Issue:
51
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
While the gig economy provides flexible jobs for millions of workers globally, a lack of organization identity and coworker bonds contributes to their low engagement and high attrition rates. To test ...the impact of virtual teams on worker productivity and retention, we conduct a field experiment with 27,790 drivers on a ride-sharing platform. We organize drivers into teams that are randomly assigned to receiving their team ranking, or individual ranking within their team, or individual performance information (control). We find that treated drivers work longer hours and generate significantly higher revenue. Furthermore, drivers in the team-ranking treatment continue to be more engaged 3 mo after the end of the experiment. A machine-learning analysis of 149 team contests in 86 cities suggests that social comparison, driver experience, and within-team similarity are the key predictors of the virtual team efficacy.
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