In practical industrial applications, the working conditions of machinery are changing with long-term operation, and the health status is declining with the degradation of crucial components. When ...the working condition changes, prior diagnosis models cannot be generalized from one condition to another. To solve this challenging issue, in this article a robust weight-shared capsule network (WSCN) is introduced for intelligent fault diagnosis of machinery under varying working conditions. First, taking raw accelerometer signals as inputs, one-dimensional convolutional neural network is constructed to extract discriminative characteristics. Second, various capsule layers based on multistacked weight-shared capsules are developed to enhance the generalization performance for further fault classification. Finally, margin loss function as well as agreement-based dynamic routing algorithm are employed to optimize the WSCN. In this article, two diagnosis cases are carried out to demonstrate the generalization performance of the WSCN which obtains higher accuracy under varying working conditions than that of other state-of-the-art methods.
Objectives In cross sectional studies, relationships between perceived stressors and self-reported health are suspected of mono-method bias related to negative affectivity. The purpose of this work ...was to test if work organisational characteristics (WOC) reported by managers were related to psychological distress (PD) reported by call-handlers, taking into account their perception of work conditions (perceived strain) and usual individual confounders. Method Managers of 107 call-centres were queried by occupational physicians on their call-centres’ WOC. 4002 call-handlers (2,929 women were considered here) of these call-centres completed self-reported questionnaires in order to evaluate perceived work strain (Karasek and Siegrist questionnaires) and PD (12-items General Health Questionnaire). A 2-level analysis tested the relationships between 14 WOC and PD score, with and without adding perceived strain as confounder, assuming that unchanged coefficients between WOC and PD score flag a direct effect of WOC on psychological distress. We also analysed perceived strain as an effect modificator for WOC using interactions. Results Five of 14 WOC were significantly related to the PD score: type of calls, call-centre size, number of activity parameters displayed on screen, instructions for client relationships, and required control role of supervisor. In adding perceived strain, the relationship only remained for the type of call. Conclusions Main results of this study are (1) existence of relationships between WOC reported by managers and psychological distress reported by call-handlers (2) most of effects of WOC are moderated by the perception of work strain.
Objectives The aims of this position paper are to (i) summarize research on precarious employment (PE) in the context of occupational health; (ii) develop a theoretical framework that distinguishes ...PE from related concepts and delineates important contextual factors; and (iii) identify key methodological challenges and directions for future research on PE and health. Methods This position paper is the result of a working group consisting of researchers from the EU, Turkey and the USA, who have discussed the issue over the course of six months (October 2018-April 2019), meeting both online and face-to-face on several occasions. Results The lack of a common theoretical framework of PE hinders it from becoming an established part of occupational and public health research. There are also issues regarding operationalization in surveys and registers. Further, previous research on PE and health suffers from methodological limitations including inadequate study designs and biased assessments of exposure and outcomes. PE is highly dependent on contextual factors and cross-country comparison has proven very difficult. We also point to the uneven social distribution of PE, ie, higher prevalence among women, immigrants, young and low educated. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding precarious employment as a multidimensional construct. Conclusions A generally accepted multidimensional definition of PE should be the highest priority. Future studies would benefit from improved exposure assessment, temporal resolution, and accounting for confounders, as well as testing possible mechanisms, eg, by adopting multi-level and intersectional analytical approaches in order to understand the complexity of PE and its relation to health.
Abstract
Hybrid quantum systems integrating semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and atomic vapours become important building blocks for scalable quantum networks due to the complementary strengths of ...individual parts. QDs provide on-demand single-photon emission with near-unity indistinguishability comprising unprecedented brightness—while atomic vapour systems provide ultra-precise frequency standards and promise long coherence times for the storage of qubits. Spectral filtering is one of the key components for the successful link between QD photons and atoms. Here we present a tailored Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter based on the caesium-D
1
transition for interfacing it with a resonantly pumped QD. The presented Faraday filter enables a narrow-bandwidth (Δ
ω
=2
π
× 1 GHz) simultaneous filtering of both Mollow triplet sidebands. This result opens the way to use QDs as sources of single as well as cascaded photons in photonic quantum networks aligned to the primary frequency standard of the caesium clock transition.
Le secteur agricole au Maroc repose fortement sur la main-d’œuvre féminine, jouant un rôle crucial dans la production et apportant une expertise spécifique. Cependant, malgré leurs contributions ...inestimables, les ouvrières agricoles font face à des conditions de travail pénibles et à des défis environnementaux menaçant leur santé et leur bien-être. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est de dévoiler les contraintes auxquelles elles sont confrontées, mettant en lumière divers aspects tels que les longues heures de travail, les environnements physiquement exigeants et les risques pour la santé dus aux changements climatiques et aux engrais industriels. Il est également important de comprendre et d’analyser les stéréotypes de genre qui peuvent influencer ces conditions de travail. Afin d’éviter de considérer ce groupe de femmes comme une entité homogène, cette étude adopte une approche microsociologique basée sur l’observation directe des ouvrières dans les champs et les exploitations, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs. L’objectif est d’observer de près les ouvrières et d’écouter leurs discours pour mieux comprendre leur expérience et les conditions dans lesquelles elles travaillent. Les résultats de l’étude confirment que, en plus des différenciations genrées dans l’espace et des représentations stigmatisantes de leur entourage, les ouvrières sont confrontées à des obstacles d’accès et d’exercice de leur travail, ainsi qu’à des conséquences néfastes sur leur santé et leur bien-être découlant de leur environnement de travail.
The agricultural sector in Morocco heavily relies on female labor, playing a crucial role in production and providing specific expertise. However, despite their invaluable contributions, female agricultural workers face arduous working conditions and environmental challenges that threaten their health and well-being. The main objective of this research is to unveil the constraints they encounter, shedding light on various aspects such as long working hours, physically demanding environments, and health risks due to climate change and industrial fertilizers. It is also important to understand and analyze gender stereotypes that may influence these working conditions. To avoid considering this group of women as a homogeneous entity, this study adopts a microsociological approach based on direct observation of the workers in the fields and farms, as well as semi-structured interviews. The aim is to closely observe the female workers and listen to their narratives to better understand their experiences and the conditions in which they work. The study’s findings confirm that, in addition to gender differentiations in space and stigmatizing representations from their surroundings, female workers face access and exercise barriers in their work and suffer detrimental consequences to their health and well-being resulting from their working environment.
•A correlation analysis algorithm for IMFs reconstruction is proposed.•The CorAA can extract main feature of fault modes and eliminate useless information.•The proposed method can diagnose accurately ...under different working conditions.•The fusion method is superior to peer methods under identical working conditions.
The effective and accurate diagnosis of the fault of a gearbox is crucial. However, differences in working condition significantly affect the energy of the original vibration signals of a gearbox, which makes it difficult to distinguish the faulty signals from normal signals. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an integrated method based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), sample entropy (SampEn) and the correlation analysis algorithm (CorAA) for the fault diagnosis of a gearbox under different working conditions. In this method, CEEMD is used to decompose the raw vibration signals into sets of finite intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, the correlation coefficients between the raw signal and each IMF are calculated using the CorAA. Subsequently, the IMFs with large correlation coefficients are selected for a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to classify the fault patterns. Finally, two cases are studied based on experimental gearbox fault diagnosis data, and the integrated method achieves classification rates of 97.50% and 95.16%. The proposed approach outperforms all other existing methods considered, thus validating its effectiveness and superiority.
Zum Titelbild: Von der Industrie‐ in die Netzwerkökonomie – der derzeit massiv anziehende digitale Strukturwandel bringt neue Arbeitsorganisationen und Arbeitsstile mit sich. Attribute wie „agil, ...teamvernetzt” und „innovationssteigernd” stehen für das, was „New Work” heute meint. Dass diese auch „New Architecture” und „New Working Environment” in Gestalt flexibler Lösungen braucht, ist zwar logisch, hat aber mit der Realität der Arbeitswelt zumeist noch wenig zu tun. Nicht so im Modulbau. Wo ein Neubau als Massivgebäude wenig planerischen Spielraum lässt, hat die ALHO‐Gruppe als wirtschaftliche und maximal flexible Alternative das neue Modulbau‐Mietsystem FAGSI ProCOMFORT entwickelt. Standardisierte Modul‐Bausteine mit hochwertigen Gebäudedetails zum Mieten schließen die Lücke zwischen dauerhaften Modul‐ und temporären Containerbauten und bieten somit das Beste aus zwei Welten. (Foto: FAGSI)
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are realistic candidates as stationary storage systems for power-grid applications. However, to accelerate their commercialization, some important challenges must be ...specifically tackled, and appropriate experimental practices need to be embraced to align the academic research efforts with the realistic industrial working conditions for stationary storage. Within this commentary article, both the open challenges and the good experimental practices are discussed in relation to their impact on the future development of the aqueous Zn-ion technology.Aqueous Zn-based batteries represent a viable and cost-effective technology for electricity grid storage. Here, the authors discuss the most challenging aspects to bridge academic and industrial research and accelerate the adoption of this class of devices on a large scale.
The culture of academic medicine may foster mistreatment that disproportionately affects individuals who have been marginalized within a given society (minoritized groups) and compromises workforce ...vitality. Existing research has been limited by a lack of comprehensive, validated measures, low response rates, and narrow samples as well as comparisons limited to the binary gender categories of male or female assigned at birth (cisgender).
To evaluate academic medical culture, faculty mental health, and their relationship.
A total of 830 faculty members in the US received National Institutes of Health career development awards from 2006-2009, remained in academia, and responded to a 2021 survey that had a response rate of 64%. Experiences were compared by gender, race and ethnicity (using the categories of Asian, underrepresented in medicine defined as race and ethnicity other than Asian or non-Hispanic White, and White), and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ+) status. Multivariable models were used to explore associations between experiences of culture (climate, sexual harassment, and cyber incivility) with mental health.
Minoritized identity based on gender, race and ethnicity, and LGBTQ+ status.
Three aspects of culture were measured as the primary outcomes: organizational climate, sexual harassment, and cyber incivility using previously developed instruments. The 5-item Mental Health Inventory (scored from 0 to 100 points with higher values indicating better mental health) was used to evaluate the secondary outcome of mental health.
Of the 830 faculty members, there were 422 men, 385 women, 2 in nonbinary gender category, and 21 who did not identify gender; there were 169 Asian respondents, 66 respondents underrepresented in medicine, 572 White respondents, and 23 respondents who did not report their race and ethnicity; and there were 774 respondents who identified as cisgender and heterosexual, 31 as having LGBTQ+ status, and 25 who did not identify status. Women rated general climate (5-point scale) more negatively than men (mean, 3.68 95% CI, 3.59-3.77 vs 3.96 95% CI, 3.88-4.04, respectively, P < .001). Diversity climate ratings differed significantly by gender (mean, 3.72 95% CI, 3.64-3.80 for women vs 4.16 95% CI, 4.09-4.23 for men, P < .001) and by race and ethnicity (mean, 4.0 95% CI, 3.88-4.12 for Asian respondents, 3.71 95% CI, 3.50-3.92 for respondents underrepresented in medicine, and 3.96 95% CI, 3.90-4.02 for White respondents, P = .04). Women were more likely than men to report experiencing gender harassment (sexist remarks and crude behaviors) (71.9% 95% CI, 67.1%-76.4% vs 44.9% 95% CI, 40.1%-49.8%, respectively, P < .001). Respondents with LGBTQ+ status were more likely to report experiencing sexual harassment than cisgender and heterosexual respondents when using social media professionally (13.3% 95% CI, 1.7%-40.5% vs 2.5% 95% CI, 1.2%-4.6%, respectively, P = .01). Each of the 3 aspects of culture and gender were significantly associated with the secondary outcome of mental health in the multivariable analysis.
High rates of sexual harassment, cyber incivility, and negative organizational climate exist in academic medicine, disproportionately affecting minoritized groups and affecting mental health. Ongoing efforts to transform culture are necessary.
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