Introduction Relationships between secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) in various temporal and physical settings are not fully studied despite its adverse impacts on human health, especially in ...multi-ethnic Asian populations. We investigated associations of childhood and current SHSE at home (SHSE home ) with current SHSE at work (SHSE work ) in Singapore and its relation to sources of daily smokers at home. Methods This cross-sectional study identified 925 healthy, never smoker working adults from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (2004–2010). Firstly, the multiple logistic regression model estimated the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of SHSE home . Subsequently, sources of daily smokers entered through an additional model building process using the former as a base. Results Current adults (AOR=2.05; 95% CI: 1.28–3.29) and childhood SHSE home (AOR=1.43; 95% CI: 0.93–2.19) had a positive and no association with current SHSE work , respectively. These findings persisted when smoker identity-related variables entered the model: child (AOR=3.56; 95% CI: 1.19–10.64) for current daily smokers; father (AOR=2.30; 95% CI: 0.94–5.64) and sibling (AOR=2.97; 95% CI: 1.55–5.68) for childhood. Compared to no childhood SHSE home , only those living with their fathers and siblings who smoked daily at home had significantly higher odds of reporting current SHSE work (AOR=3.70; 95% CI: 1.88–7.30). Conclusions Current SHSE home was a risk factor for current SHSE work , with risks elevated among those who smoke daily at home and living with their children. Childhood SHSE home becomes a risk factor when daily household smokers include fathers and siblings. Deformalizing smoking could consider interpersonal dynamics of daily smokers at home with family members in different temporal settings, to reduce SHSE work .
Abstract Accurately predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) has become crucial for ensuring stable and safe operations for rocket engines due to the extreme working environment. However, current ...RUL prediction approaches based on convolution and recurrent frameworks lack effective feature extraction methods to model long-term dependencies, resulting in limited accuracy and generalizability. To address this issue, we propose an end-to-end temporal Transformer with autocorrelated attention mechanism augmented for RUL prediction of turbopump bearings. The Transformer module is adopted as the backbone of proposed framework to model long-term dependencies from the raw signals. To further enhance predictive capability, we develop a self-attention mechanism based on autocorrelation calculation. This mechanism extracts and aggregates feature representations through similarity comparison at the sub-series level. Furthermore, we utilize convolutional layers with residual links to capture internal detail features, compensating for the limitations of capturing local information. The proposed framework is evaluated through a life-cycle rocket engine bearing dataset and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority on RUL prediction.
Abstract The fusion of primary and secondary functions refers to integrating the function of primary equipment and secondary equipment together. If doing so, the working condition of the equipment ...for primary and secondary fusion becomes more and more complex and bad, especially the transformer working in the smaller workspace after fusing. Therefore, this paper focuses on the transformer used in primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted Switchgear and establishes the temperature field and electric field simulation model of the primary and secondary fusion pole-mounted switchgear transformer, respectively, and the temperature rise and the environment electric field interference influencing the error of transformer are analyzed as well. When the working environment temperature ranges from -40 to 70°C, the maximum error of low-power current transformers and resistive voltage transformers is 0.1246% and 0.0371%, respectively. The electric field is one of the main factors influencing resistive voltage transformers, which makes ratio errors and angle errors -0.256% and -22.5392’, respectively. The research reveals that under conditions, the error is mainly dependent on temperature rise and electric field. These two factors have a great influence on the error, while the transformers still have enough reliability.
Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) rejects the classical political economy distinction between productive and unproductive labor, the latter defined as all labor that does not produce surplus-value. ...Rather, much non-commodified labor, particularly that done in the domestic sphere, is not unproductive but necessary since it produces labor-power. Hence, SRT has proposed an alternative distinction: productive versus reproductive spheres of labor. This article argues that this opposition too is analytically and politically misleading. Capital is concerned with profit, not with the reproduction of the living labor within which labor-power is always embedded. It is the everyday struggles of living labor that determines its reproduction. These take place not just in the kin-based sphere of the family but in overlapping, shifting places and processes, including struggles for better wages and working conditions in capitalist firms. This paper uses two different contexts in southern Africa to make this argument: an influential debate over how to understand changes in apartheid in South Africa in the 1970s; and a sugar-cane plantation in Mozambique where interdependent contradictions of class, gender and race defined a social division of labor that systematically compromised the reproduction of living labor.
The current nursing shortage and high turnover is of great concern in many countries because of its impact upon the efficiency and effectiveness of any healthcare delivery system. Recruitment and ...retention of nurses are persistent problems associated with job satisfaction.
To update review paper published in 2005.
This paper analyses 100 papers relating to job satisfaction among hospital nurses derived from systematic searches of seven databases covering English and Chinese language publications 1966–2011 (updating the original paper with 46 additional studies published 2004–2011).
Despite varying levels of job satisfaction across studies, sources and effects of job satisfaction were similar. Hospital nurse job satisfaction is closely related to working conditions and the organizational environment, job stress, role conflict and ambiguity, role perception and role content, organizational and professional commitment.
More research is required to understand the relative importance of the many identified factors relating to job satisfaction of hospital nurses. It is argued that the absence of a robust causal model reflecting moderators or moderator is undermining the development of interventions to improve nurse retention.
Two complementary studies were conducted to compare emotional support and instrumental support in the workplace. Study 1 included meta-analyses with 142 independent samples containing 68,354 ...participants and tested the moderation effects of source of support (supervisor vs. coworker) and support scale type (received vs. availability). Study 2 incorporated a two-wave survey design and objective ratings of participant job demands. Overall, emotional support and instrumental support were strongly correlated and demonstrated a similar pattern of effects with work criteria. However, the emotional support-instrumental support relationship is stronger within occupations higher in emotional labor demands. Moderation effects of support on stressor-criteria relationships were also reviewed among the primary studies in the meta-analysis. For both emotional support and instrumental support, buffering effects and reverse buffering effects were commonly found, which indicates that contextual factors need to be considered to determine when support mitigates or exacerbates the effect of stressors on work criteria. Moderation effects of source of support (supervisor vs. coworker) and support scale type (received vs. availability) were also tested. In general, support was more strongly correlated with criteria when the source of support was the supervisor and the scale included items about the availability of support. The findings from the two studies provide researchers and practitioners a guide for when emotional support and instrumental support converge or diverge.
La presente investigación describe las condiciones laborales de los periodistas del Estado de Chihuahua, México, de acuerdo a sus propias percepciones. La perspectiva teórica enfoca los antecedentes ...del tema enfatizando el riesgo de ejercer la profesión. Utiliza una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva, no experimental transeccional y aplica un cuestionario estratificando las principales ciudades del estado. Los resultados permiten establecer que a pesar de la inseguridad, los periodistas de la entidad en general se muestran satisfechos con sus condiciones de trabajo, aunque sus salarios y prestaciones sean inferiores al promedio.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis is closely related to the safety of mechanical system. In real-world diagnosis, it is difficult to obtain abundant labeled data due to varying operation conditions, ...complex working environment and inevitable indirect measurement, which will affect the ability of diagnosing. To tackle this problem, a deep transfer maximum classifier discrepancy method is proposed under few labeled data, which utilizes fully deep learning and transfer learning. Firstly, a batch-normalized long-short term memory (BNLSTM) model which can learn the mapping relationship between two kinds of datasets is designed to generate some auxiliary samples. Then, a transfer maximum classifier discrepancy (TMCD) method, which considers the characteristics of each data type by an adversarial strategy, is applied to align probability distributions of auxiliary samples generated by BNLSTM and unlabeled data from target domain. Sufficient experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method under few labeled data.
As a sustainable and promising approach of removing of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), catalytic reduction of NO x with H 2 is highly desirable with a precise understanding to the structure–activity ...relationship of supported catalysts. In particular, the dynamic evolution of support at microscopic scale may play a critical role in heterogeneous catalysis, however, identifying the in situ structural change of support under working condition with atomic precision and revealing its role in catalysis is still a grand challenge. Herein, we visually capture the surface lattice expansion of WO 3−x support in Pt–WO 3−x catalyst induced by NO in the exemplified reduction of NO with H 2 using in situ transmission electron microscopy and first reveal its important role in enhancing catalysis. We find that NO can adsorb on the oxygen vacancy sites of WO 3−x and favorably induce the reversible stretching of W–O–W bonds during the reaction, which can reduce the adsorption energy of NO on Pt 4 centers and the energy barrier of the rate-determining step. The comprehensive studies reveal that lattice expansion of WO 3−x support can tune the catalytic performance of Pt–WO 3−x catalyst, leading to 20% catalytic activity enhancement for the exemplified reduction of NO with H 2 . This work reveals that the lattice expansion of defective support can tune and optimize the catalytic performance at the atomic scale.
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