The article deals with the problems of adolescent and juvenile suicide and the measures taken by the Catholic Church in Italy to prevent this phenomenon. The analysis shows that the most important ...cause of the suicide Catholic authors believe desacralization of human life, death, religious feelings – typical manifestations of the so-called culture of death. An important role in combating this evil is assigned by the Church to the pastoral project in the field of youth education, developed under the auspices of The Italian Episcopal conference (CEI) for 2010-2020
This article reports an experience in Community and Social Psychology with the first group of "Youth and Adult Education Program'', in a school in the Denis Gonçalves settlement of the Landless Rural ...Workers Movement (MST), which culminated in the construction of the memoir Costura da vida: história de vida do homem e da mulher da roça. Based on the discussion about the impact of the latifundium on the Brazilian social formation and the possible relationships between Community and Social Psychology and Rural Education, the methodological paths and insertion in the territory are presented, emphasizing the relationship between the subjects and the use of several psychosocial intervention strategies and registration: field diary, photographs, community walk, group dynamics and construction of the memoir. As a result of the experience and the construction of the book, the importance of rescuing memory and recording the daily history told by students is emphasized for the strengthening of personal and community identity. It also highlights the role that these experiences have in the construction of a committed and fair Psychology in face of the reality, especially that of rural communities, and those dialogues with different knowledge and disciplines.
Background
Millions of street‐connected children and young people worldwide live or work in street environments. They are vulnerable to many risks, whether or not they remain connected to families of ...origin, and despite many strengths and resiliencies, they are excluded from mainstream social structures and opportunities.
Objectives
Primary research objectives
To evaluate and summarise the effectiveness of interventions for street‐connected children and young people that aim to:
• promote inclusion and reintegration;
• increase literacy and numeracy;
• facilitate access to education and employment;
• promote mental health, including self esteem;
• reduce harms associated with early sexual activity and substance misuse.
Secondary research objectives
• To explore whether effects of interventions differ within and between populations, and whether an equity gradient influences these effects, by extrapolating from all findings relevance for low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) (Peters 2004).
• To describe other health, educational, psychosocial and behavioural effects, when appropriate outcomes are reported.
• To explore the influence of context in design, delivery and outcomes of interventions.
• To explore the relationship between numbers of components and duration and effects of interventions.
• To highlight implications of these findings for further research and research methods to improve evidence in relation to the primary research objective.
• To consider adverse or unintended outcomes.
Search methods
We searched the following bibliographic databases, searched for the original review, from inception to 2012, and various relevant non‐governmental and organisational websites: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE and Pre‐MEDLINE; EMBASE and EMBASE Classic; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); PsycINFO; Education Resource Information Center (ERIC); Sociological s; Social Services s; Social Work s; Healthstar; Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS); System for Grey literature in Europe (OpenGrey); ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; EconLit; IDEAS Economics and Finance Research; JOLIS Library Catalog of the holdings of the World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund (IMF) Libraries; British Library for Development Studies (BLDS); Google and Google Scholar. We updated the search in April 2015 for the review update, using the same methods.
Selection criteria
This review includes data from harm reduction or reintegration intervention studies that used a comparison group study design; all were randomised or quasi‐randomised studies. Studies were included if they evaluated interventions provided for street‐connected children and young people, from birth to 24 years, in all contexts.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias and other factors presented in the Discussion and Summary quality assessment (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)). We extracted data on intervention delivery, context, process factors, equity and outcomes, and grouped outcomes into psychosocial outcomes, risky sexual behaviours or substance use. We conducted meta‐analyses for outcomes where the outcome measures were sufficiently similar. We evaluated other outcomes narratively.
Main results
We included 13 studies evaluating 19 interventions from high‐income countries (HICs). At update stage (from our 2015 search), one previously included study was removed and three new studies added (since our 2012 search). We found no sufficiently robust evaluations conducted in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Study quality overall was low and measurements used by studies variable. Participants were classified as drop‐in and shelter‐based. No studies measured the primary outcome of reintegration and none reported on adverse effects.We found no consistent results on a range of relevant outcomes within domains of psychosocial health, substance misuse and sexually risky behaviours . Interventions evaluated consisted of time‐limited therapeutically based programmes that proved no more effective than standard shelter or drop‐in services and other control interventions used for most outcomes in most studies. Favourable changes from baseline were reported for outcomes for most participants following therapy interventions and standard services. We noted considerable heterogeneity between studies and inconsistent reporting of equity data. No studies measured the primary outcome of reintegration or reported on adverse effects.
Authors' conclusions
Analysis revealed no consistently significant benefit for focused therapeutic interventions compared with standard services such as drop‐in centres, case management and other comparable interventions for street‐connected children and young people. Commonly available services, however, were not rigorously evaluated. Robust evaluation of interventions, including comparison with no intervention, would establish a more reliable evidence base to inform service implementation. More robust research is needed in LMICs to examine interventions for street‐connected children and young people with different backgrounds and service needs.
In twenty-first-century China, socialist educational traditions have given way to practices that increasingly emphasize the individual. This volume investigates that trend, drawing on Hansen's ...fieldwork in a rural high school in Zhejiang where students, teachers, and officials of different generations, genders, and social backgrounds form what is essentially a miniature version of Chinese society. Hansen paints a complex picture of the emerging "neosocialist" educational system and shows how individualization of students both challenges and reinforces state control of society.
Approximately 1.5 to 2 million homeless young persons live on the streets in the United States. With the current economic situation, research is needed on quality of services geared toward homeless ...young adults.
The objective of this study was to explore homeless young adults' perspectives on barriers and facilitators of health-care-seeking behavior and their perspectives on improving existing programs for homeless persons.
This article is a descriptive qualitative study using focus groups, with a purposeful sample of 24 homeless drug-using young adults.
Identified themes were failing access to care based on perceived structural barriers (limited clinic sites, limited hours of operation, priority health conditions, and long wait times) and social barriers (perception of discrimination by uncaring professionals, law enforcement, and society in general).
Results provide insight into programmatic and agency resources that facilitate health-seeking behaviors among homeless young adults and include implications for more research with providers of homeless health and social services.
Purpose:
Virtually nothing is known about the potential effects of tobacco advertising on tobacco use among youth experiencing homelessness, a vulnerable population with high tobacco use rates. This ...study examines associations between the appeal of advertising for 5 classes of tobacco product (electronic cigarettes, hookah, cigars, cigarillos, and smokeless tobacco) and future intentions to use those products again among homeless youth who had indicated any level of lifetime use.
Design:
A cross-sectional design was used.
Setting:
Settings were 25 service and street sites in Los Angeles County.
Participants:
A probability sample of 469 young tobacco users experiencing homelessness (mean age = 22; 71% male; 29% non-Hispanic White) was recruited.
Measures:
Assessments included product-specific tobacco advertising appeal and future intentions to use the product again, as well as a range of covariate controls (eg, demographics, homelessness severity, current tobacco use, general advertising exposure).
Analysis:
Linear regression tested for associations between the appeal of advertising for a specific tobacco product and intentions to use that product again in the future, controlling for myriad covariates.
Results:
Advertising appeal was positively associated with future intentions to use again for electronic cigarettes (P = .006) and hookah (P = .001), but not cigars (P = .486), cigarillos (P = .126), or smokeless tobacco (P = .109).
Conclusion:
Results suggest that advertising appeal may increase use of certain tobacco products among youth experiencing homelessness. However, differences in themes emphasized by advertising for specific tobacco products could differentially influence use in this population.
Digital Tools in Urban Schools demonstrates significant ways in which high school teachers in the complex educational setting of an urban public high school in northern California extended their own ...professional learning to revitalize learning in their classrooms. Through a novel research collaboration between a university and this public school, these teachers were supported and guided in developing the skills necessary to take greater advantage of new media and new information sources to increase student learning while making connections to their relevant experiences and interests. Jabari Mahiri draws on extensive qualitative data—including blogs, podcasts, and other digital media—to document, describe, and analyze how the learning of both students and teachers was dramatically transformed as they utilized digital media in their classrooms. Digital Tools in Urban Schools will interest instructional leaders and participants in teacher preparation and professional development programs, education and social science researchers and scholars, graduate and undergraduate programs and classes emphasizing literacy and learning, and those focused on urban education issues and conditions.
During Austro-Hungarian dualism, the only Romanian pedagogical school in Southern Banat was the Diocesan Pedagogical Institute of Caransebeş. It was reliant on the Bishopric of Caransebeş, an ...important religious and cultural centre in the region. The Pedagogical School of Caransebeş was founded by the care of Bishop Ioan Popasu in 1876, and during its existence it had many achievements, outstanding teachers who left important traces in the history of the Romanian people, as well as students who honoured it. The priority of this school was the training of primary school teachers with the aim of culturalizing young Romanian people in their mother tongue, but it was also an important factor in keeping the national conscience alive in the communities of Banat. After the Great Union, since the school year 1919-1920, the Diocesan Pedagogical Institute of Caransebes joined the Romanian education system,becoming a state school. Since then, it has also changed its name to "Ioan Popasu" Normal School for Primary School Teachers. becoming a state school. Since then, it has also changed its name to "Ioan Popasu" Normal School for Primary School Teachers.
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