La precariedad se entiende generalmente como una característica negativa, una ausencia o falta de competencias o recursos de algún tipo. Si la juventud se define como un tiempo de preparación ...anterior a la edad adulta, puede conducir a interpretar esta etapa del ciclo vital como un momento de dependencia, un precompleto. Ambas pueden entenderse también como espacio-tiempo de actividad, creatividad, y experimentación de nuevas estrategias de vida en condiciones determinadas. El artículo plantea tres objetivos: uno, sistematiza los estudios sobre precariedad realizados en España en los últimos años; dos, a partir de estas investigaciones presenta una definición compleja de precariedad. Basado en un trabajo de campo de entrevistas personales y grupo de discusión aborda, en tercer lugar, diferentes significados, narrativas y experiencias de los jóvenes sobre la normalidad y la precariedad, así como algunas metáforas comúnmente utilizadas para referirse a la precariedad.
Families of youth with disabilities often access services to promote youth’s transitions to adulthood. Such services can be oriented toward the youth or family. Using descriptive statistics and ...regression modeling of survey and administrative data, we explored patterns of service use and the association between outcomes for 9,013 youth with disabilities who enrolled in a demonstration project. Those randomly assigned to a treatment group used family services more frequently than those in a control group, and youth in families using family services were more likely to use services themselves. The use of family and youth services together was associated with better youth employment. Because few programs offer family services, policymakers and practitioners might consider ways to connect families to such services.
The study examines how Vietnamese LGBTQ youth express their agency as they transition to adulthood. Utilizing in-depth interviews with LGBTQ youth between the ages of 18 and 28, the study identifies ...different forms of strategies these young people employ to define, make sense of, or affirm their gender and sexual identities. In addition to managing their visibility to ensure safety, these youth can make sense of their feelings and experiences through inclusive knowledge about LGBTQ, or they may express themselves publicly and challenge heteronormativity and cisnormativity. The use of social media can give them tools for self-expression and advocacy, while financial independence and mobility can help them negotiate autonomy against normative expectations. As a contribution to LGBTQ emerging adulthood and youth research, the study highlights how social landscapes can limit the choices available for youth’s expressions of agency, while simultaneously providing them with materials to exercise control.
This study uses administrative data from Michigan State University to examine whether students who are former foster youth are more likely to drop out of college than low-income, first generation ...students who had not been in foster care. Former foster youth were significantly more likely to drop out before the end of their first year (21% vs. 13%) and prior to degree completion (34% vs. 18%) than their non-foster care peers. This difference remained significant even after controlling for gender and race.
►We model dropout rates of students using administrative data from a 4-year college. ►We examine differences in dropout rates by foster care status, race and gender. ►Foster care youth were significantly more likely to drop out. ►This difference remained significant even after controlling for gender and race.
This paper aims to promote thinking about care leave leaving from a historical perspective. It suggests that Bronfenbrenner's social ecological modelling of human development provides a promising ...conceptual framework for doing that. It not only provides a micro to macro layered systemic perspective but also draws attention to the ‘chronosystem’, covering both biographical and historical changes. The potential use of the historical dimension to Bronfenbrenner's modelling will be illustrated by considering the development of care leaving within Northern Ireland over a 50‐year period (1968–2018). Reflecting the historical trajectory of recent political conflict in this UK jurisdiction, the dynamics of the chronosystem of care leaving within two periods will be described and discussed: the ‘Troubles’ (1968–1998) and ‘Post Conflict’ (1998–2018). It will be concluded that there is a need for further work of this type because acknowledging history in this way as part of social ecology provides a deeper understanding of the systemic dynamics of care leaving.
Each year, approximately 20,000 youth in foster care transition to adulthood and independent living. A majority of these young people want to pursue postsecondary education, but they are less likely ...to enroll in postsecondary institutions than their peers who have not interacted with the child welfare system. To address this gap, federal and state programs have been implemented to address barriers and provide supports to pursue a college degree including the Education and Training Voucher (ETV) Program, which provides up to $5,000 per year to youth to attend college or training program. This study is the first multi-state evaluation of the ETV program using administrative data to examine ETV use and educational outcomes on the full population of eligible youth. This study used child welfare administrative data on the foster care histories of all youth who were age 16 or older in foster care from ten states matched with ETV program data and National Student Clearinghouse data on college enrollment and attainment. Among all youth who were in foster care after age 16, only 29% enrolled in college by the time they turned 21. Of all ETV-eligible youth who enrolled in college, only 37% received an ETV. We found through regression analysis controlling for youth demographics and child welfare histories that youth who enrolled with an ETV were more likely to graduate. Findings from the study can help inform ETV policy and practices.
This article problematizes the assumption that national policies have a direct impact on youth participation at the local level and analyses the relationships between local forms of youth ...participation and local and national policies. Relying on data from a EU project funded under the HORIZON 2020 programme, the article focuses on formally institutionalized settings of youth participation and elaborates local constellations of youth participation in six European cities. These constellations may be referred to as regimes of youth participation as they reflect wider structures of power and knowledge that influence the way in which young people’s practices in public spaces and their claims of being part of society are recognized. However, the analysis reveals that rather deducing it from the model of welfare regimes, such a typology needs to be developed starting from the local level and should consider the ways in which different relationships between local youth policies and national welfare states affect youth participation.
This article analyses the impact of the 2008 recession and subsequent austerity policies on the youth transition regimes of Spain and the UK. These two countries have different employment and social ...support models. However, both applied similar economic and policy responses to the 2008 recession, which had a marked neoliberal character. The article identifies whether or not the impact of these policies blurred the defining characteristics of their transition regimes. To do so, an analysis of employment and welfare policies is undertaken, and two key dimensions of youth transition regimes are critically analysed: the characteristics of employment and the forms of independent living. Our findings show that market dependence and the importance of class-related factors have been reinforced. Nevertheless, these similar patterns of change go together with the persistence of differences among regimes, which suggests that the effect of neoliberal policies is far from being uniform and systematic.
This article examines how the education of youth and parents influences the transition of youth from schooling to the labor market. I use a representative survey of youth aged 16 to 29 (N = 1,590) in ...Lithuania in 2013 to create an analysis that yields estimates of the influence of family education on factors such as youth employment, obstacles to finding a first job, and difficulties in the first job. My hypothesis that youth from families with less education have greater difficulties in the labor market transition was confirmed. My hypothesis that the higher the parents’ education, the easier it is for young people to adapt in the first workplace was also confirmed. Results also reveal that lower parental education means that their children lacked general workplace competencies, had less-decent working conditions, and faced other difficulties in the labor market.
This study adopts a nationwide survey data set between 2005 and 2013 (Chinese General Social Survey) to explore the influence of the massification of higher education on the transition of Chinese ...youth into the labour market. Data analysis reveals two major findings. First, the economic returns to college education of recent cohorts of university graduates (those who have graduated from universities not more than 3 years ago) are lower than the cohorts who graduated in 2005 and 2006. Second, recent cohorts of college graduates are likely to work in the urban informal sector, unlike their senior counterparts. These findings could partially be explained by skills mismatch in the labour market but a comprehensive understanding of graduate unemployment in China could be obtained by bringing the broader political economy perspective into the analysis.
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