In the article the author compares poems by the Scottish national poet Robert Burns with their Russian translations made in the Soviet Union by the famous Russian poet and translator, Samuel Marshak. ...The main aim of the research is to show how ideology exerts pressures on literary translation and how the literary text undergoes a series of transformations or distortions depending on the stance or ideology of the author. The article is meant to highlight the dilemma that faces the translator when his/her ideology contradicts the author's. The most interesting point of this comparison is the fact that Robert Burns' poems underwent a series of ideological transformations and distortions in Marshak's translations. Marshak followed one aim: to promote social democratic themes according to the newly established canons The political situation in the Soviet Union is briefly described to make this point dear, because if the reader wants to understand the ideological background of Marshak's translations, he/she has tobe familiar with the idea of ideological adaptation of literary works according to communist canons in the Soviet Union. It is very important for the proper understanding of ideological translations to analyze the historical and political situation which prevailed in the years of the communist regime, when the old cultural and ideological background had been replaced with a new one. Of course, such a situation appeared to be extremely difficult for writers and translators. They had to adapt their literary talent to this new ideology and they were forced to work under the strong pressure of the Soviet communist regime. Different translation techniques usedby Samuel Marshak, as well as the most interesting examples of Marshak' s translations, are also presented in the article.
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