Recovery of pumpkin seed oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: a comparison with conventional solvent extraction [Elektronski vir]
Barjaktarović, Branislava ...
This work was aimed to studying the influence of the extraction pressure and temperature on the recovery of pumpkin seed oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. A comparison of supercritical ...fluid and n-hexane extraction yields was made also. Extractions with supercritical fluid (SFE) were carried out at 40 °C and 150, 225 and 300 bar pressures, and at 300 bar and 40, 50 and 60 °C temperatures. In each extraction test, (20 0.5) g of the ground pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo convar. citrullina), particle diameters between 0.500 and 0.630 mm, was subjected to extraction either with supercritical CO2 at constant flow of 0.2 kg h-1, or with n-hexane. Conventional solvent extractions were performed at 40, 50 and 60 °C, and in the experimental runs solvent to feed ratio was kept constant at 5 to 1 (m:m). Alpha- and gamma-tocopherol contents of the extract fractions collected in the successive time intervals over the course of the extractions were analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography, using diode-array detector (DAD). The yield of the extractions conducted at 150 bar pressures was low, 0.1814 g oil per 1 g of the initial charge for 14 h extraction time. Extractions at higher pressures yielded greater quantities of the oil; for 6 hat 225 and 300 bar, 28.2 and 40.5 %, respectively. n-Hexane extractions of the seed material at 40, 50 and 60 °C gave lower yields than SFE at 300 bar and at the same temperatures: 34.2, 35.3 and 38.6 % versa 40.5, 40.4 and 40.7 %. Temperature exhibited no influence on the quantity of the SFE oil, but alpha- and gamma-tocopherol content in the SF extracts slightly increases with extraction temperature. At 300 bar, colour of the fractions yielded during successive extraction time intervals varied greatly, from pale yellow (the first 2 h), through orange-yellow (from 2-4 h) to red (after 4 h). Additionally, extracts did not have the typical smell of the cold press pumpkin seed oil.
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