The present study aimed to examine the impact of lifetime blast exposure (LBE) on neuropsychological functioning in service members and veterans (SMVs). Participants were 282 SMVs, with and without history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), who were prospectively enrolled in a Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC)-Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (TBICoE) Longitudinal TBI Study. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data was conducted. LBE was based on two factors: Military Occupational Speciality (MOS) and SMV self-report. Participants were divided into three groups based on LBE: Blast Naive (  = 61), Blast + Low Risk MOS (  = 96), Blast + High Risk MOS (  = 125). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine group differences on neurocognitive domains and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form. There were no statistically significant differences in attention/working memory, processing speed, executive functioning, and memory (  < 1.75, ps > .1, η s < .032) or in General Cognition (  0.95, ps > .3, η s < .008). Prior to correction for covariates, lifetime blast exposure was related to Restructured Clinical ( (18,542) 1.77, = .026, η = .055), Somatic/Cognitive ( (10,550) 1.99, = .033, η = .035), and Externalizing Scales ( (8,552) 2.17, = .028, η = .030); however, these relationships did not remain significant after correction for covariates (  1.53, ps > .145, η s < .032). We did not find evidence of a relationship between LBE and neurocognitive performance or psychiatric symptoms. This stands in contrast to prior studies demonstrating an association between lifetime blast exposure and highly sensitive blood biomarkers and/or neuroimaging. Overall, findings suggest the neuropsychological impact of lifetime blast exposure is minimal in individuals remaining in or recently retired from military service.