The aim of this study is to validate the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and determine the number of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002)–positive patients who do not meet the GLIM, as well as examine whether these patients would benefit from nutritional support therapy. A reanalysis of a published prospective observational study was performed. The subjects were rediagnosed per the NRS2002 and GLIM criteria. The prevalence of malnutrition was reported, and the difference in rate of infection complications and total complications between the nutritional support therapy and glucose-electrolyte cohorts was calculated. Among 1831 cases in the original database, 827 cases (45.2%) were NRS2002-positive. A total of 391 cases were identified by the GLIM criteria as malnourished (21.4%) and of these, subjects in the nutritional support therapy cohort had fewer infection complications than those in the glucose-electrolyte cohort (13.0% vs. 23.0%; P = 0.010). The remaining 436 patients were NRS2002 positive but GLIM negative (23.8%). The rate of infection was also significantly lower in the support cohort than in the nonsupport cohort (8.0% vs. 15.7%; P = 0.011). Nutritional support was proven o be a protective factor for infection complications in both GLIM-positive (odds ratio: 0.407; 95% confidence interval, 0.232–0.714; P = 0.002) and NRS2002-positive/GLIM-negative patients odds ratio: 0.314; 95% confidence interval, 0.161–0.612; P = 0.001). The GLIM criteria have been validated, and are useful in identifying malnourished patients who may have fewer infection complications due to nutritional support therapy. However, the criteria neglected half of the patients identified by NRS2002, among whom nutritional support therapy also decreased the rate of infection complications. •Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria are a new consensus to diagnosis malnutrition, but needs validation•Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) can be used as the first screening step of the GLIM criteria•NRS2002-positive patients have fewer infections due to nutritional support•Nutrition support reduces infection rates in malnourished patients, as determined by the GLIM criteria•Patients who are NRS2002 positive but GLIM negative also benefit from nutritional support