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  • A map of cis-regulatory ele...
    Yang, Hongbo; Luan, Yu; Liu, Tingting; Lee, Hyung Joo; Fang, Li; Wang, Yanli; Wang, Xiaotao; Zhang, Bo; Jin, Qiushi; Ang, Khai Chung; Xing, Xiaoyun; Wang, Juan; Xu, Jie; Song, Fan; Sriranga, Iyyanki; Khunsriraksakul, Chachrit; Salameh, Tarik; Li, Daofeng; Choudhary, Mayank N K; Topczewski, Jacek; Wang, Kai; Gerhard, Glenn S; Hardison, Ross C; Wang, Ting; Cheng, Keith C; Yue, Feng

    Nature (London), 12/2020, Volume: 588, Issue: 7837
    Journal Article

    The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been widely used in the study of human disease and development, and about 70% of the protein-coding genes are conserved between the two species . However, studies in zebrafish remain constrained by the sparse annotation of functional control elements in the zebrafish genome. Here we performed RNA sequencing, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) experiments in up to eleven adult and two embryonic tissues to generate a comprehensive map of transcriptomes, cis-regulatory elements, heterochromatin, methylomes and 3D genome organization in the zebrafish Tübingen reference strain. A comparison of zebrafish, human and mouse regulatory elements enabled the identification of both evolutionarily conserved and species-specific regulatory sequences and networks. We observed enrichment of evolutionary breakpoints at topologically associating domain boundaries, which were correlated with strong histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) signals. We performed single-cell ATAC-seq in zebrafish brain, which delineated 25 different clusters of cell types. By combining long-read DNA sequencing and Hi-C, we assembled the sex-determining chromosome 4 de novo. Overall, our work provides an additional epigenomic anchor for the functional annotation of vertebrate genomes and the study of evolutionarily conserved elements of 3D genome organization.