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Forget, Adam; Rangraz, Parisa; Bousquet, Jean-Francois
IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 05/2024, Volume: 72, Issue: 5Journal Article
In this work, the use of magnetic induction (MI) to cross the air-water boundary is investigated. An analytical expression is derived for the magnetic field in air from a coil underwater and is validated with simulation results that also include the effect of the front-end. Specifically, the ratio of the induced voltage of the receiver over transmitter current is maximized for a given distance between small coils with a radius of 6.5 cm and it is found that an optimal frequency exists: for a distance between 10 and 100 m, the optimum frequency of operation decreases from 8000 down to 80 Hz. Experiments are performed in air and in sea-water tanks to verify the mutual inductance and end-to-end attenuation. The experiments agree with the theory for distances up to 1.6 m, after which a noise floor is reached. To increase the range, the use of passive repeaters is studied and a relay coil that transfers the energy to a receiver inside a magnetic shield is analyzed. When configured correctly, this relay can significantly enhance the receiver output voltage, as demonstrated through simulations, potentially increasing it by up to tenfold.
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