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Raos, Višeslav
Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva, 2023, Volume: 20, Issue: 1Journal Article, Paper
Listovni razmjerni izborni sustav jedan je od najosporavanijih aspekata hrvatskoga političkog sustava nakon 2000. Međutim, kritičari rijetko nude sustavno komparativno uporište za svoje zamjerke. Ovaj članak popunjava tu prazninu te argumentira kako listovni razmjerni sustav u Hrvatskoj adekvatno funkcionira s obzirom na teorijske pretpostavke i u usporedbi s drugim listovnim razmjernim sustavima u Europskoj uniji. Na temelju komparativnih podataka o nerazmjernosti i efektivnom broju stranaka kao i analize efektivnog izbornog praga i efektivne veličine izbornog okruga, razmatraju se dva desetljeća uporabe ovoga izbornog sustava. Analiza pokazuje kako u bitnim karakteristikama učinci listovnoga razmjernog sustava ne odudaraju od teorijskih očekivanja i naspram drugih listovnih razmjernih sustava u Europskoj uniji. Također, pokazuje se kako varijacija u učincima listovnog razmjernog sustava u državama članicama Europske unije uvelike ovisi i o specifičnostima pojedine države, odnosno izbornoga sustava, a ne nekog od središnjih elemenata samog izbornog dizajna. Zaključno, može se tvrditi kako učinci listovnog razmjernog sustava u Hrvatskoj uvelike odgovaraju očekivanjima te stoga hrvatski slučaj možemo smatrati tipičnim, a ne izuzetnim. The proportional representation electoral system is one of the most disputed aspects of the Croatian political system since 2000. However, critics rarely offer a systematic comparative basis for their objections. This article fills this gap and argues that the proportional representation system in Croatia functions adequately in relation to theoretical assumptions and in comparison to other proportional representation systems in the European Union. Based on comparative data on disproportionality and the effective number of parties, as well as an analysis of the effective electoral threshold and the effective size of the electoral district, two decades of using this electoral system are examined. The analysis shows that the effects of the proportional representation system do not deviate from theoretical expectations and are comparable to other proportional representation systems in the European Union in key characteristics. It also shows that the variation in the effects of the proportional representation system in European Union member states largely depends on the specificities of each state, i.e., the electoral system, rather than any central elements of the electoral design itself. In conclusion, it can be argued that the effects of the proportional representation system in Croatia largely correspond to expectations, and therefore, the Croatian case can be considered typical rather than exceptional.
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