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Kalebić Maglica, Barbara; Takšić, Iva
Psihologijske teme, 12/2023, Volume: 32, Issue: 3Journal Article, Paper
Teorija moralnih temelja (Haidt i Joseph, 2004) u posljednjih se dvadesetak godina sve češće nameće kao vodeća teorija u području psihologije morala. Prema toj teoriji postoji pet osnovnih moralnih temelja: briga, pravednost, lojalnost, autoritet i čistunstvo. Osim toga, postoje i temelji višega reda nazvani individualističkim (koji uključuje brigu i pravednost) i kolektivističkim (koji uključuje autoritet, lojalnost i čistunstvo). Za ispitivanje prihvaćanja različitih vrsta moralnih temelja kod pojedinaca razvijen je Upitnik moralnih temelja (Graham i sur., 2011), izvorno validiran na američkoj populaciji, a kasnije i na drugim uzorcima diljem svijeta. Rezultati pokazuju da je na nekim uzorcima prikladnija petofaktorska struktura koju sačinjavaju osnovni moralni temelji, a na drugim je uzorcima prikladnija dvofaktorska struktura koju sačinjavaju temelji višega reda. S obzirom na međukulturnu osjetljivost ispitivanja moralnih dimenzija, osnovni je cilj ovoga rada provjeriti prikladnost dviju faktorskih struktura Upitnika moralnih temelja na hrvatskome uzorku (dvofaktorsku i petofaktorsku strukturu). Istraživanje je uključivalo 433 sudionika prosječne dobi 21.72 (SD = 4.1) godine. Uz prikupljanje demografskih podataka te podataka o političkoj orijentaciji i stupnju religioznosti, sudionici su ispunili Upitnik moralnih temelja i Skalu stavova prema homoseksualnim skupinama. Provedena je konfirmatorna faktorska analiza u svrhu ispitivanja najprikladnijega modela Upitnika moralnih temelja za primjenu na hrvatskoj populaciji te je ispitana kriterijska valjanost. Rezultati pokazuju da originalno predložena petofaktorska struktura (briga, pravednost, lojalnost, autoritet i čistunstvo) nije prikladna, no dvofaktorska struktura (individualistički i kolektivistički moralni temelji) pokazala se pogodnijom za primjenu na hrvatskome uzorku, pri čemu su koeficijenti pouzdanosti za obje dimenzije visoki. Rezultati upućuju na to da Upitnik moralnih temelja treba razmatrati kao dvofaktorski te da je on prikladan za buduća mjerenja moralnih temelja na hrvatskome uzorku. Over the past two decades, Moral foundations theory (Haidt & Joseph, 2004) has increasingly become a leading theory in the field of moral psychology. According to this theory, there are five basic moral foundations: care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and sanctity. In addition, there are also higher-level foundations: individualizing foundations (including care and fairness) and binding foundations (including authority, loyalty, and sanctity). To examine individuals’ acceptance of different types of moral foundations, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (Graham et al., 2011) was developed and originally validated in the U.S. population and later in other samples around the world. Results show that in some samples, the appropriate five-factor structure consists of basic moral foundations, while in others, the appropriate two-factor structure consists of higher-order foundations. Considering the cross-cultural sensitivity of measuring moral dimensions, the main objective of this study is to investigate the appropriateness of the two factor structures of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire on a Croatian sample (two-factor and five-factor structure). The study included 433 participants with a mean age of 21.72 (SD = 4.1) years. In addition to demographic data, political orientation, and level of religiosity, participants completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire and the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale to examine criterion validity. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine the most appropriate model of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire for the Croatian population. The results show that the originally proposed five-factor structure (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and sanctity) is not suitable, while the two-factor structure (individualizing and binding) with high reliability coefficients for both dimensions proved to be more suitable for use in the Croatian sample. The results suggest that the Moral Foundations Questionnaire should be considered as a two-factor structure and is suitable for future measurements of moral foundations in the Croatian sample.
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