Although the importance of test validation in a plant health context is widely recognized, it is arguably not yet used to its full potential. This concept note describes the basic concepts underlying test performance and validation, as well as their current interpretation and use by key stakeholder groups. It is argued that, due to a number of communication pitfalls and associated limitations, current approaches are too fragmented and could lead to suboptimal results. Recommendations on how to improve the collection and use of validation data are based on work conducted in the EU VALITEST project (2018 to 2021). A key output of the project is its contribution to the standardization of test performance studies from sample selection and testing to interpreting and communicating test results. In addition, a prototype mathematical framework has been developed, which enables users to more easily consider and communicate trade-offs in test selection and development. The framework provides the basis for a more holistic approach, aiming to streamline collaboration between stakeholder groups. Formula: see text Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .