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  • Species Separation and Hydr...
    Zhang, Shuai; Hu, S. X.

    Physical review letters, 09/2020, Volume: 125, Issue: 10
    Journal Article

    Shock release from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) shells poses a great challenge to single-fluid hydrodynamic equations, especially for describing materials composed of different ion species. This has been evidenced by a recent experiment Haberberger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 235001 (2019), in which low-density plasmas (1019 to 1020  cm−3) are measured to move far ahead of what radiation-hydrodynamic simulations predict. To understand such experimental observations, we have performed large-scale nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations of shock release in polystyrene (CH) at experimental conditions. These simulations revealed that upon shock releasing from the back surface of a CH foil, hydrogen can stream out of the bulk of the foil due to its mass being lighter than carbon. This released hydrogen, exhibiting a much broader velocity distribution than carbon, forms low-density plasmas moving in nearly constant velocities ahead of the in-flight shell, which is in quantitative agreement with the experimental measurements. Such kinetic effect of species separation is currently missing in single-fluid radiation-hydrodynamics codes for ICF simulations.