Specific learning disabilities, like dyslexia or dyscalculia, are conditions where a particular function is affected, while globally, neurological functions are preserved. Dyslexia is a difficulty in reading and writing, despite normal intelligence and adequate social and educational opportunity. Learning disabilities are complex in nature and result from gene environment interactions that may involve multiple genes. Many isolated genetic predispositions have been identified, though associations that affect a significant proportion of the population are not really evident. India, with its highly endogamous populations, provides a unique opportunity for studying inherited conditions. We had studied three extended multi-generational families from endogamous groups that had a high incidence of dyslexia. All three had different patterns of inheritance, indication that dyslexia may be a common manifestation of different molecular aberrations. The pathways involved neuronal differentiation; cadherin mediated cell to cell contact and GABAergic pathways. A novel pathway of neruronal differentiation from human neural progenitor cells will be described.