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Johnson, R; Muller, C.J.F; Ghoor, S; Louw, J; Archer, E; Surujlal-Naicker, S; Berkowitz, N; Volschenk, M; Bröcker, L.H.L; Wolfaardt, G; Van der Walt, M; Mutshembele, A.M; Malema, S; Gelderblom, H.C; Mdhluli, M; Gray, G; Mathee, A; Street, R.A
SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 03/2021, Volume: 111, Issue: 3Journal Article
HEALTH Recent studies have shown that the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in wastewater may provide the basis for a surveillance system to track the environmental dissemination of this virus in communities. An effective wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) system may prove critical in South Africa (SA), where health systems infrastructure, testing capacity, personal protective equipment and human resource capacity are constrained. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the potential of SARS-CoV-2 RNA surveillance in untreated wastewater as the basis for a system to monitor COVID-19 prevalence in the population, an early warning system for increased transmission, and a monitoring system to assess the effectiveness of interventions. The laboratory confirmed the presence (qualitative analysis) and determined the RNA copy number of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (quantitative) analysis from 24-hour composite samples collected on 18 June 2020 from five wastewater treatment plants in Western Cape Province, SA. The study has shown that a WBE system for monitoring the status and trends of COVID-19 mass infection in SA is viable, and its development and implementation may facilitate the rapid identification of hotspots for evidence-informed interventions.
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