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Fukuda, Y.; Ishihara, K.; Itow, Y.; Kajita, T.; Kameda, J.; Kasuga, S.; Kobayashi, Y.; Koshio, Y.; Miura, M.; Nakahata, M.; Nakayama, S.; Obayashi, Y.; Okada, A.; Okumura, K.; Sakurai, N.; Shiozawa, M.; Suzuki, Y.; Takeuchi, H.; Takeuchi, Y.; Totsuka, Y.; Yamada, S.; Earl, M.; Habig, A.; Messier, M.D.; Scholberg, K.; Sulak, L.R.; Walter, C.W.; Barszczak, T.; Casper, D.; Gajewski, W.; Kropp, W.R.; Price, L.R.; Smy, M.; Vagins, M.R.; Keig, W.E.; Ellsworth, R.W.; Tasaka, S.; Kibayashi, A.; Learned, J.G.; Stenger, V.J.; Takemori, D.; Ishii, T.; Ishino, H.; Nakamura, K.; Oyama, Y.; Sakuda, M.; Sasaki, O.; Echigo, S.; Kohama, M.; Suzuki, A.T.; Inagaki, T.; Nishikawa, K.; Haines, T.J.; Blaufuss, E.; Sanford, R.; Chen, M.L.; Goodman, J.A.; Sullivan, G.W.; Hill, J.; Jung, C.K.; Martens, K.; Mauger, C.; McGrew, C.; Sharkey, E.; Viren, B.; Yanagisawa, C.; Inaba, S.; Okazawa, H.; Saji, C.; Takahashi, M.; Takahata, M.; Higuchi, K.; Nagashima, Y.; Takita, M.; Yamaguchi, T.; Yoshida, M.; Kim, S.B.; Etoh, M.; Hasegawa, A.; Hatakeyama, S.; Iwamoto, T.; Koga, M.; Maruyama, T.; Ogawa, H.; Suzuki, A.; Tsushima, F.; Koshiba, M.; Hatakeyama, Y.; Koike, M.; Nemoto, M.; Nishijima, K.; Fujiyasu, H.; Futagami, T.; Hayato, Y.; Kanaya, Y.; Kaneyuki, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Kielczewska, D.; Stachyra, A.L.; Young, K.K.
Physics letters. B, 1999, Volume: 467, Issue: 3Journal Article
A total of 137 upward stopping muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 516 detector live days. The measured muon flux is 0.39±0.04 (stat.)±0.02 (syst.)×10 −13 cm −2s −1sr −1 compared to an expected flux of 0.73±0.16 (theo.)×10 −13 cm −2s −1sr −1 . Using our previously-published measurement of the upward through-going muon flux, we calculate the stopping/through-going flux ratio R , which has less theoretical uncertainty. The measured value of R=0.22±0.02 (stat.)±0.01 (syst.) is significantly smaller than the value 0.37 +0.05 −0.04(theo.) expected using the best theoretical information (the probability that the measured R is a statistical fluctuation below the expected value is 0.39%). A simultaneous fitting to zenith angle distributions of upward stopping and through-going muons gives a result which is consistent with the hypothesis of neutrino oscillations with the parameters sin 22 θ>0.7 and 1.5×10 −3< Δm 2<1.5×10 −2 eV 2 at 90% confidence level, providing a confirmation of the observation of neutrino oscillations by Super-Kamiokande using the contained atmospheric neutrino events.
