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  • Harnessing therapeutic deep...
    Balenzano, Gennaro; Racaniello, Giuseppe Francesco; Spennacchio, Antonio; Lopalco, Antonio; Iacobazzi, Rosa Maria; Lopedota, Angela Assunta; Laquintana, Valentino; Denora, Nunzio

    International journal of pharmaceutics, 06/2024, Volume: 659
    Journal Article

    Display omitted •A novel THEDES using CBD as a model drug was generated and characterized.•The hydrophobic nature of the obtained DES was adopted for the generation of SEDDS.•The compatibility of THEDES with surfactant and co-surfactant was deeply investigated.•In vitro studies on Caco-2 cells confirmed the safety of the formulation and CBD-enhanced permeability. In this study, Cannabidiol crystals (CBD) were used as a BCS class II model drug to generate a novel therapeutic deep eutectic solvent (THEDES) with easy preparation using caprylic acid (CA). The hydrogen bonding interaction was confirmed by different techniques such as FT-IR and NMR, resulting in a hydrophobic system suitable for liquid formulations. The CBD-based THEDES, combined with a specific mixture of surfactants and co-surfactants, successfully formed a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) that generated uniform nano-sized droplets once dispersed in water. Hence, the THEDES showed compatibility with the self-emulsifying approach, offering an alternative method to load drugs at their therapeutic dosage. Physical stability concerns regarding the unconventional oily phase were addressed through stress tests using multiple and dynamic light scattering, demonstrating the robustness of the system. In addition, the formulated SEDDS proved effective in protecting CBD from the harsh acidic gastric environment for up to 2 h at pH 1.2. Furthermore, in vitro studies have confirmed the safety of the formulation and the ability of CBD to permeate Caco-2 cells when formulated. This investigation highlights the potential incorporation of THEDES in lipid-based formulations like SEDDS, expanding the avenues for innovative oral drug delivery approaches.