Display omitted •Functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) by amino acids (AA) was performed.•Formation of a GO liquid crystalline (LC) phase was shown.•pH-dependent behavior of AA-functionalized GOLCs was demonstrated.•L-cysteine dimerization occurred on the GO platform. The colloidal 2D materials based on graphene and its modifications are of great interest when it comes to forming LC phases. These LC phases allow controlling the orientational order of colloidal particles, paving the way for the efficient processing of modified graphene with anisotropic properties. Here, we present the peculiarities of AA functionalization of GO, along with the formation of its LC phase and orientational behavior in an external magnetic field. We discuss the influence of pH on the GOLC, ultimately showing its pH-dependent behavior for GO-AA complexes. In addition, we observe different GO morphology changes due to the presence of AA functional groups, namely L-cysteine dimerization on the GO platform. The pH dependency of AA-functionalized LC phase of GO is examined for the first time. We believe that our studies will open new possibilities for applications in bionanotechnologies due to self‐assembling properties of LCs and magnificent properties of GO.