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Farr, Ryan J; Rootes, Christina L; Rowntree, Louise C; Nguyen, Thi H. O; Hensen, Luca; Kedzierski, Lukasz; Cheng, Allen C; Kedzierska, Katherine; Au, Gough G; Marsh, Glenn A; Vasan, Seshadri S; Foo, Chwan Hong; Cowled, Christopher; Stewart, Cameron R
PLoS pathogens, 07/2021, Volume: 17, Issue: 7Journal Article
The host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection provide insights into both viral pathogenesis and patient management. The host-encoded microRNA (miRNA) response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, remains poorly defined. Here we profiled circulating miRNAs from ten COVID-19 patients sampled longitudinally and ten age and gender matched healthy donors. We observed 55 miRNAs that were altered in COVID-19 patients during early-stage disease, with the inflammatory miR-31-5p the most strongly upregulated. Supervised machine learning analysis revealed that a three-miRNA signature (miR-423-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-195-5p) independently classified COVID-19 cases with an accuracy of 99.9%. In a ferret COVID-19 model, the three-miRNA signature again detected SARS-CoV-2 infection with 99.7% accuracy, and distinguished SARS-CoV-2 infection from influenza A (H1N1) infection and healthy controls with 95% accuracy. Distinct miRNA profiles were also observed in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygenation. This study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a robust host miRNA response that could improve COVID-19 detection and patient management.
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