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  • Presence of Somatic Mutatio...
    Kanda, Mitsuro; Matthaei, Hanno; Wu, Jian; Hong, Seung–Mo; Yu, Jun; Borges, Michael; Hruban, Ralph H; Maitra, Anirban; Kinzler, Kenneth; Vogelstein, Bert; Goggins, Michael

    Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943), 04/2012, Volume: 142, Issue: 4
    Journal Article

    More information is needed about genetic factors that initiate development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms—the most common precursors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We show that more than 99% of the earliest-stage, lowest-grade, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm-1 lesions contain mutations in KRAS , p16/CDKN2A , GNAS , or BRAF . These findings could improve our understanding of the development and progression of these premalignant lesions.