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Miller, M. C.; Lamb, F. K.; Dittmann, A. J.; Bogdanov, S.; Arzoumanian, Z.; Gendreau, K. C.; Guillot, S.; Ho, W. C. G.; Lattimer, J. M.; Loewenstein, M.; Morsink, S. M.; Ray, P. S.; Wolff, M. T.; Baker, C. L.; Cazeau, T.; Manthripragada, S.; Markwardt, C. B.; Okajima, T.; Pollard, S.; Cognard, I.; Cromartie, H. T.; Fonseca, E.; Guillemot, L.; Kerr, M.; Parthasarathy, A.; Pennucci, T. T.; Ransom, S.; Stairs, I.
Astrophysical journal. Letters, 09/2021, Volume: 918, Issue: 2Journal Article
Abstract PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2.08 ± 0.07 M ⊙ , which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is 13.7 − 1.5 + 2.6 km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼2 M ⊙ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation-of-state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼1.5–5 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included, the radius of a 1.4 M ⊙ neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2.08 M ⊙ neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1 σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12.45 ± 0.65 km for a 1.4 M ⊙ neutron star and 12.35 ± 0.75 km for a 2.08 M ⊙ neutron star.
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