The first paper by Khan et al. presents a subsampling-based image compressor for capsule endoscopic system which is aimed at reducing the chip area and power consumption, while maintaining an acceptable video quality. When real-time and power consumption are both key issues, as in wearable or mobile battery-powered systems, an effective implementation solution is represented by the realization of a system-on-chip (SoC) using submicron CMOS technology. Not only the computation core but also the on-chip communication infrastructure and the main memory hierarchy has to be optimized, since in video systems complexity and power consumption are often dominated by data storage, transfer rate, the relevant memory size, and access frequency. ...the guest editors hope that the selected papers will provide the readers with interesting samples of present research on algorithms and architectures for real-time image and video enhancement in a broad range of applications.