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Adamczewski-Musch, J.; Arnold, O.; Behnke, C.; Belounnas, A.; Berger-Chen, J. C.; Blanco, A.; Blume, C.; Böhmer, M.; Bordalo, P.; Chlad, L.; Ciepal, I.; Dreyer, J.; Epple, E.; Fabbietti, L.; Fonte, P.; Franco, C.; Friese, J.; Fröhlich, I.; Galatyuk, T.; Garzón, J. A.; Gernhäuser, R.; Greifenhagen, R.; Gumberidze, M.; Harabasz, S.; Heinz, T.; Hennino, T.; Hlavac, S.; Holzmann, R.; Kämpfer, B.; Kardan, B.; Koenig, I.; Koenig, W.; Kohls, M.; Kolb, B. W.; Korcyl, G.; Kornakov, G.; Kornas, F.; Kotte, R.; Kugler, A.; Kunz, T.; Lalik, R.; Lapidus, K.; Lopes, L.; Lorenz, M.; Mahmoud, T.; Maier, L.; Malige, A.; Mangiarotti, A.; Markert, J.; Matulewicz, T.; Maurus, S.; Metag, V.; Michel, J.; Mihaylov, D. M.; Müntz, C.; Münzer, R.; Naumann, L.; Nowakowski, K.; Parpottas, Y.; Pechenov, V.; Pechenova, O.; Piasecki, K.; Pietraszko, J.; Przygoda, W.; Pysz, K.; Ramos, S.; Ramstein, B.; Rathod, N.; Rodriguez-Ramos, P.; Rosier, P.; Rost, A.; Rustamov, A.; Salabura, P.; Scheib, T.; Schuldes, H.; Schwab, E.; Scozzi, F.; Seck, F.; Sellheim, P.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Siebenson, J.; Silva, L.; Singh, U.; Smyrski, J.; Sobolev, Yu. G.; Spataro, S.; Spies, S.; Ströbele, H.; Stroth, J.; Sturm, C.; Svoboda, O.; Szala, M.; Tlusty, P.; Tsertos, H.; Wagner, V.; Wendisch, C.; Wiebusch, M. G.; Wirth, J.; Wójcik, D.; Zumbruch, P.
The European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei, 04/2023, Volume: 59, Issue: 4Journal Article
Abstract High-precision measurements of flow coefficients $$v_{n}$$ v n ( $$n = 1 - 4$$ n = 1 - 4 ) for protons, deuterons and tritons relative to the first-order spectator plane have been performed in Au+Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{_{{\text {NN}}}= 2.4$$ s NN = 2.4 GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at the SIS18/GSI. Flow coefficients are studied as a function of transverse momentum $$p_{{\text {t}}}$$ p t and rapidity $$y_{{\text {cm}}}$$ y cm over a large region of phase-space and for several classes of collision centrality. A clear mass hierarchy, as expected by relativistic hydrodynamics, is found for the slope of $$v_{1}$$ v 1 , $$d v_{1}/d y^{\prime }|_{y^{\prime } = 0}$$ d v 1 / d y ′ | y ′ = 0 where $$y^{\prime }$$ y ′ is the scaled rapidity, and for $$v_{2}$$ v 2 at mid-rapidity. Scaling with the number of nucleons is observed for the $$p_{{\text {t}}}$$ p t dependence of $$v_{2}$$ v 2 and $$v_{4}$$ v 4 at mid-rapidity, which is indicative for nuclear coalescence as the main process responsible for light nuclei formation. $$v_{2}$$ v 2 is found to scale with the initial eccentricity $$\langle \epsilon _{2} \rangle $$ ⟨ ϵ 2 ⟩ , while $$v_{4}$$ v 4 scales with $$\langle \epsilon _{2} \rangle ^{2}$$ ⟨ ϵ 2 ⟩ 2 and $$\langle \epsilon _{4} \rangle $$ ⟨ ϵ 4 ⟩ . The multi-differential high-precision data on $$v_{1}$$ v 1 , $$v_{2}$$ v 2 , $$v_{3}$$ v 3 , and $$v_{4}$$ v 4 provides important constraints on the equation-of-state of compressed baryonic matter.
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