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Affinito, Ornella; Palumbo, Domenico; Fierro, Annalisa; Cuomo, Mariella; De Riso, Giulia; Monticelli, Antonella; Miele, Gennaro; Chiariotti, Lorenzo; Cocozza, Sergio
Genomics (San Diego, Calif.), January 2020, 2020-01-00, 20200101, Volume: 112, Issue: 1Journal Article
The tendency of individual CpG sites to be methylated is distinctive, non-random and well-regulated throughout the genome. We investigated the structural and spatial factors influencing CpGs methylation by performing an ultra-deep targeted methylation analysis on human, mouse and zebrafish genes. We found that methylation is not a random process and that closer neighboring CpG sites are more likely to share the same methylation status. Moreover, if the distance between CpGs increases, the degree of co-methylation decreases. We set up a simulation model to analyze the contribution of both the intrinsic susceptibility and the distance effect on the probability of a CpG to be methylated. Our finding suggests that the establishment of a specific methylation pattern follows a universal rule that must take into account of the synergistic and dynamic interplay of these two main factors: the intrinsic methylation susceptibility of specific CpG and the nucleotide distance between two CpG sites. •The methylation of CpGs occurs in a non-stochastic manner.•Some CpG sites are more prone to be methylated than others.•Closer CpG sites are more likely to be co-methylated.•The degree of co-methylation decreases as the distance between CpG sites increases.
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