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Téllez-Castillo, Carlos José; Valiente Echavarri, Marina; Pariente Martín, Macarena; Fernández de Castro, Raquel; Martínez Lugo, Mónica; Millán Soria, Javier; González-Granda, Damiana
Medicinageneralydefamilia, January-March 2015, 2015-01-00, Volume: 4, Issue: 1Journal Article
Determinar el porcentaje de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) entre los pacientes ingresados en un servicio de urgencias del Hospital Lluís Alcanyís de Xàtiva (Valencia), España, desde enero a junio de 2012. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario con los siguientes ítems: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales, tratamiento antibiótico previo, ingresos hospitalarios anteriores y origen. Los médicos de Urgencias utilizaron torundas humedecidas con suero fisiológico (TranSystems® COPAN) para recoger el material de las fosas nasales de los pacientes citados. Se estudiaron 120 pacientes con alto riesgo de colonización por SARM. Se detectaron 19 (15,83%) pacientes con aislamientos positivos para SARM; de ellos, el 52,63% eran mujeres, con una edad media de 66,6 años. Solo 5 (26,31%) pacientes habían tomado antibiótico previamente, 4 (21,05%) habían tenido algún ingreso hospitalario anterior, 7 (36,84%) provenían de residencias de la tercera edad, 12 (63,15%) estaban en su domicilio, 4 (21,05%) tenían obesidad mórbida, 9 (47,36%) padecían diabetes mellitus, 6 (31,57%) presentaban enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y ninguno tenía alergia a betalactámicos. La proporción de infecciones por SARM fue del 16%. Los cultivos de vigilancia activa deben ser considerados en pacientes con alto riesgo de colonización por SARM e ingresados desde Urgencias. To determine the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among patients admitted from an emergency department of the Hospital Lluís Alcanyís de Xàtiva (Valencia), Spain, from January to June 2012. The data were collected using a questionnaire with the following items: age, sex, personal history, previous antibiotic treatment, previous hospital admission, and origin. The emergency department doctors used swabs moistened with physiological saline (TranSystems® COPAN) to collect the material from the nasal cavity of the cited patients. A total of 120 patients with a high risk of MRSA colonisation were studied. Positive isolation of MRSA was detected in 19 (15.83%) patients, of whom 52.63% were women, with a median age of 66.6 years. Only 5 (26.31%) patients had taken antibiotics previously, 4 (21.05%) had a previous admission, 7 (36.84%) were from homes for the elderly, 12 (63.15%) were from home, 4 (21.05%) had morbid obesity, 9 (47.36%) suffered from diabetes mellitus, 6 (31.57%) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and none of them were allergic to beta-lactams. The proportion of infections due to MRSA was 16%. Active surveillance cultures must be considered in patients with a high risk of MRSA colonisation and admitted from emergency departments.
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