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  • Self-motion perception in a...
    Zaidel, Adam; Goin-Kochel, Robin P.; Angelaki, Dora E.

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 05/2015, Volume: 112, Issue: 20
    Journal Article

    Perceptual processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is marked by superior low-level task performance and inferior complex-task performance. This observation has led to theories of defective integration in ASD of local parts into a global percept. Despite mixed experimental results, this notion maintains widespread influence and has also motivated recent theories of defective multisensory integration in ASD. Impaired ASD performance in tasks involving classic random dot visual motion stimuli, corrupted by noise as a means to manipulate task difficulty, is frequently interpreted to support this notion of global integration deficits. By manipulating task difficulty independently of visual stimulus noise, here we test the hypothesis that heightened sensitivity to noise, rather than integration deficits, may characterize ASD. We found that although perception of visual motion through a cloud of dots was unimpaired without noise, the addition of stimulus noise significantly affected adolescents with ASD, more than controls. Strikingly, individuals with ASD demonstrated intact multisensory (visual–vestibular) integration, even in the presence of noise. Additionally, when vestibular motion was paired with pure visual noise, individuals with ASD demonstrated a different strategy than controls, marked by reduced flexibility. This result could be simulated by using attenuated (less reliable) and inflexible (not experience-dependent) Bayesian priors in ASD. These findings question widespread theories of impaired global and multisensory integration in ASD. Rather, they implicate increased sensitivity to sensory noise and less use of prior knowledge in ASD, suggesting increased reliance on incoming sensory information. Significance Descriptions of impaired coherent motion perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) underlie theories that individuals with ASD have difficulty integrating local “parts” into a global percept. This notion maintains widespread influence and motivates recent theories of defective multisensory integration in ASD. However, heightened sensitivity to sensory noise, used to manipulate task difficulty in predominant visual motion stimuli, may provide an alternative explanation for impaired performance. Here we indeed found increased sensitivity in ASD to sensory noise. Noiseless motion perception and multisensory integration (even with noise) were unimpaired. These findings question prevalent theories of global and multisensory integration deficits in ASD. Rather, they suggest increased reliance on—and sensitivity to—incoming sensory information and less use of prior knowledge in ASD.