This paper analyses the impact that the lockdown decreed by the Spanish Government to combat the spread of COVID-19 has had on traffic accidents in Tarragona province (Spain). During the studied period of the lockdown (March 16 - April 26 2020) the number of accidents per day fell by 74,3% in coparison with those in February 14-20 (reference week) and 76% in respect to the equivalent period in 2018-2019. This reduction of accidents has been higher than the decrease of mobility during the same reference period (62.9%). This suggests a multiplicative positive effect of traffic reduction on roads safety. Our findings provide new evidences of the disruptive effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation and of how it could be used as a catalyst to promote more sustainable and secure transport systems. •Overall mobility in Tarragona province during COVID-19 lockdown declined 62,9%, while traffic accidents fell 74,3%.•The relative occurrence of severe traffic accidents diminished during the lockdown.•The reduction of traffic accidents on weekends/holidays was more intense compared to weekdays.•Our findings provide new evidences of the disruptive effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation and road safety.