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Upton, Jason W.; Kaiser, William J.; Mocarski, Edward S.
Cell host & microbe, 03/2012, Volume: 11, Issue: 3Journal Article
Programmed necrosis, like apoptosis, eliminates pathogen-infected cells as a component of host defense. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 3 (also called RIPK3) mediates RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM)-dependent programmed necrosis induced by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection or death receptor activation and suppressed by the MCMV-encoded viral inhibitor of RIP activation (vIRA). We find that interferon-independent expression of DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (DAI, also known as ZBP1 or DLM-1) sensitizes cells to virus-induced necrosis and that DAI knockdown or knockout cells are resistant to this death pathway. Importantly, as with RIP3−/− mice, vIRA mutant MCMV pathogenesis is restored in DAI−/− mice, consistent with a DAI-RIP3 complex being the natural target of vIRA. Thus, DAI interacts with RIP3 to mediate virus-induced necrosis analogous to the RIP1-RIP3 complex controlling death receptor-induced necroptosis. These studies unveil a role for DAI as the RIP3 partner mediating virus-induced necrosis. Display omitted ► DAI sensitizes cells to RIP3-dependent, MCMV-induced programmed necrosis ► DAI RHIM-dependent interactions mediate RIP3-dependent programmed necrosis ► RIP3-DAI complex is targeted by MCMV vIRA ► MCMV vIRA mutant virus replication is restored in DAI-deficient mice
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