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Dotta, Laura; Moratto, Daniele; Cattalini, Marco; Brambilla, Sara; Giustini, Viviana; Meini, Antonella; Girelli, Maria Federica; Cortesi, Manuela; Timpano, Silviana; Galvagni, Anna; Viola, Anna; Crotti, Beatrice; Manerba, Alessandra; Pierelli, Giorgia; Verzura, Giulia; Serana, Federico; Brugnoni, Duilio; Garrafa, Emirena; Ricci, Francesca; Tomasi, Cesare; Chiarini, Marco; Badolato, Raffaele
Children, 06/2023, Volume: 10, Issue: 6Journal Article
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a severe complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by hyperactivation of the immune system. this is a retrospective analysis of clinical data, biochemical parameters, and immune cell subsets in 40 MIS-C patients from hospital admission to outpatient long-term follow-up. MIS-C patients had elevated inflammatory markers, associated with T- and NK-cell lymphopenia, a profound depletion of dendritic cells, and altered monocyte phenotype at disease onset, while the subacute phase of the disease was characterized by a significant increase in T- and B-cell counts and a rapid decline in activated T cells and terminally differentiated B cells. Most of the immunological parameters returned to values close to the normal range during the remission phase (20-60 days after hospital admission). Nevertheless, we observed a significantly reduced ratio between recently generated and more differentiated CD8+ T- and B-cell subsets, which partially settled at longer-term follow-up determinations. The characterization of lymphocyte distribution in different phases of MIS-C may help to understand the course of diseases that are associated with dysregulated immune responses and to calibrate prompt and targeted treatments.
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