Objectives The aortic augmentation index (AIx), a marker of arterial stiffness, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. In claudicants, the effect of balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, PTA) on AIx has not been determined so far. Methods Measurements of the ankle–brachial pressure index (ABI) and AIx were performed before and 3 months after PTA and compared to age- and sex-matched PAD patients under best medical treatment. Results The data of 61 patients (44% female, mean age 68 years) who underwent lower-limb PTA was compared to 48 conservatively treated patients (38% female, mean age 68 years). ABI significantly improved after PTA from 0.73 ± 0.02 to 0.85 ± 0.03 ( p  = 0.001), but remained unchanged in the control group (0.85 ± 0.23 and 0.80 ± 0.21; p  = 0.16). Revascularisation was associated with a significant reduction of AIx from 31.5 ± 1.1% to 28.8 ± 1.1% after 3 months ( p  = 0.01). In the conservatively treated group, AIx did not change during follow-up (29.9 ± 1.1% to 29.9 ± 1.1%; p  = 0.83). Conclusion Lower-limb revascularisation in PAD Rutherford stage II–III is associated with an improvement of markers for arterial stiffness.