The aim of the article is to identify the structural features of the local finance system as an aggregate of socio-economic relations under conditions of decentralization. The features of formation and development of the local finance system are analyzed. It is noted that the main place in the system belongs to local budgets as an important tool for the development of the socio-economic sphere. The importance of local finance in the formation of financial resources of local authorities under conditions of decentralization is studied. The shortcomings of the national budgetary policy at the local level are revealed. It is substantiated that the budgetary policy at the local level should be aimed at achieving an optimal balance between its economic and social aspects. Recommendations for improving the regulatory framework for the development of the finance system of the local self-government in Ukraine under conditions of decentralization are proposed. The need for providing access of the public to information and to participation in solving these issues is grounded.