Amaç: Henoch-Schönlein purpurası (HSP) sıklıkla çocukluk çağında görülen, nadiren böbrek yetersizliğine ilerleyebilen bir vaskülittir.
Böbrek yetersizliğine gidişin mekanizması tam bilinmese de ...anjiyotensin konverting enzim (ACE) genindeki delesyon artan ACE
aktivitesi ve artan lokal anjiyotensin-II konsantrasyonu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada renal tutulumu olan HSP’lı hastalarda ACE gen
polimorfizminin prognozla ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık
Materyal ve Metot: HSP nefriti tanılı ACE gen polimorfizmi çalışılmış 0-18 yaş arası 42 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastalar delesyon (DD)
allelline sahip olanlar (Grup1) ile heterozigot delesyon (ID) veya insersiyon (II) allelline sahip olanlar (grup2) olarak ayrıldı; demografik
özellikleri ve renal tutulumun ağırlık derecesi açısından karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Grup 1’de 15 erkek 14 kız toplam 29 hasta vardı, ortalama yaşları 8,26±3 yıl, izlem süreleri 3,34±2,1 yıldı. Grup 2’de 6 erkek 7
kız toplam 13 hasta vardı, ortalama yaşları 7,92±3,1 yıl, izlem süreleri 2,1±1,9 yıl idi. İki grup arasında yaş, cinsiyet dağılımı ve izlem
süreleri bakımından istatiksel bir fark görülmedi (p=0,347, p=422, p=0,267). Grup 1’de 11 hastada hafif, 14 hastada orta, 4 hastada ciddi
renal tutulum gözlendi. Grup 2’de 4 hastada hafif, 8 hastada orta, 1 hastada ciddi renal tutulum gözlendi. Renal tutulumun ağırlığı
açısından gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark görülmedi (p=0,375). Proteinüri düzelme oranı grup1’de, grup2’den daha
düşüktü, sırası ile %31,2, %62,5, ancak vaka sayıları az olduğundan istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmadı (p=0,127) ID veya II/ID
(OR):3,667, (%95 Cl 0,619- 21,739).
Sonuç: Renal tutulumu olan HSP’li çocuklarda böbrek tutulumunun ağırlığı ile DD genotipi veya D allelli arasında anlamlı bir ilişki
görülmedi, ancak daha geniş ölçekli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır
Healthcare-associated infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Well-regulated infection control and hand hygiene are the most effective methods for preventing ...healthcare-associated infections. This study evaluated and compared conventional hand hygiene observation and an electronic hand-hygiene recording and reminder system for preventing healthcare-associated infections.
This pre- and post-intervention study, employed an electronic hand-hygiene recording and reminder system for preventing healthcare-associated infections at a tertiary referral center. Healthcare-associated infection surveillance was recorded in an anesthesia and reanimation intensive care unit from April 2016 to August 2016. Hand-hygiene compliance was observed by conventional observation and an electronic recording and reminder system in two consecutive 2-month periods. healthcare-associated infections were calculated as incidence rate ratios.
The rate of healthcare-associated infections in the electronic hand- hygiene recording and reminder system period was significantly decreased compared with that in the conventional hand-hygiene observation period (incidence rate ratio = 0.58; 95% confident interval = 0.33-0.98). Additionally, the rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections and the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia were lower during the electronic hand hygiene recording and reminder system period (incidence rate ratio= 0.41; 95% confident interval = 0.11-1.30 and incidence rate ratio = 0.67; 95% confident interval = 0.30-1.45, respectively).
After implementing the electronic hand hygiene recording and reminder system, we observed a significant decrease in healthcare-associated infections and invasive device-associated infections. These results were encouraging and suggested that electronic hand hygiene reminder and recording systems may reduce some types of healthcare-associated infections in healthcare settings.
Influenza is a generally self-limited infection agent that only rarely causes severe complications. To increase awareness about its serious complications, we report three cases of influenza A (H1N1) ...infection complicated with hemolytic uremic syndrome, myocarditis and acute necrotizing encephalopathy. In all three cases, nasopharyngeal samples confirmed influenza A (H1N1) infection by antigen test and multiplex PCR detection. The first case, a 3-year-old girl, had respiratory distress, anemia, thrombocytopenia and renal failure at admission, and was diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome. Supportive treatment and oseltamivir did not prevent the development of chronic renal failure. The second case, a 5-year-old girl admitted with lethargia and flu-like symtoms and was diagnosed with myocarditis and cardiogenic shock. Oseltamivir and supportive treatment including extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) failed. She died on the 3rd day of admission. The third case, a 21-month-old boy, presented with decreased level of consciousness and was diagnosed with acute necrotizing encephalopathy with the aid of cranial magnetic resonance imagining (MRI). He was discharged without any neurological sequelae three weeks after admission. It should be kept in mind that influenza virus does not always cause a self-limited flu. Multidisciplinary management, early diagnosis and antiviral treatment are critical for the disease and to prevent its life-threatening complications.
Abstract
Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis is a very rare entity with high mortality rate. Its diagnosis is usually delated, and the optimal approach for its treatment is uncertain. In presented case, ...early diagnosis was made with direct examination of cerebral spinal fluid, and immediate initiation of accurate treatment with amphotericin B and fluconazole survived patient.
The emergence of infections due to multidrug-resistant
has led to the resurrection of colistin use. The data on colistin use and drug-related adverse effects in children are scarce.
In this study, we ...aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of colistin use in critically ill pediatric patients.
This study has a retrospective study design.
Sixty-one critically ill children were identified through the department's patient files archive during the period from January 2011 to November 2014.
Twenty-nine females and thirty-two males with a mean±standard deviation (SD) age of 61±9 months (range 0-216, median 12 months) received IV colistin due to MDR-GNB infections. Bacteremia (n=23, 37.7%) was the leading diagnosis, followed by pneumonia (n=19, 31%), clinical sepsis (n=7, 11.4%), wound infection (n=6, 9.8%), urinary tract infection (n=5, 8.1%) and meningitis (n=1, 1.6%). All of the isolates were resistant to carbapenems; however, all were susceptible to colistin. The isolated microorganisms in decreasing order of frequency were:
(n=27, 44.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=17, 27.8%),
(n=6, 9.8%),
and
(n=1, 1.6%),
and
(n=1, 1.6%), K. oxytoca (n=1, 1.6%) and Enterobacter cloacae (n=1, 1.6%). In seven patients, no microorganisms were detected; however, five of these patients were colonized by carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. The mean duration of colistin therapy was 12 days (range 3-45). Colistin was administered concomitantly with one of the following antibiotics: carbapenem (n=50, %82), ampicillin-sulbactam (n=5, 8%), quinolones (n=5, 8%), rifampicin (n=1, 1.6%). Carbapenem was the most frequently used antibiotic. Nephrotoxicity was observed in only 1 patient, and we did not observe neurotoxicity in this study. All the patients received intravenous colistin (colisthimethate) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg daily by dividing it in three equal doses. Seven (11.4%) patients died during the study period.
Colistin appears to be a safe and efficacious drug for treating MDR-GNB infections in children.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is typically diagnosed in patient with AIDS and those who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. However, it may develop in patients with acute ...lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have not undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation. To increase awareness of CMV retinitis in this group, we describe 3 patients ages 3, 9, and 12, with ALL who developed CMV retinitis. The diagnosis of CMV retinitis was made on the basis of ophthalmological findings suggesting typical retinal lesions. In 2 cases, CMV DNAemia was present, while in 1 patient CMV DNA was detected only in vitreous fluid using the PCR technique. All cases were treated with intravenous ganciclovir for 2 or 3 weeks as induction therapy, followed by oral valganciclovir prophylaxis. Initially, active retinitis lesions resolved in all cases; however, in 1 patient CMV retinitis relapsed 3 times during follow-up. In this case, by using foscarnet therapy, satisfactory responses were achieved and the progression of CMV retinitis lesions stopped and eventually regressed.
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the demographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of children with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID-19), and to determine variations of the clinical ...presentation of the disease by age. Method: A total of 104 confirmed COVID-19 patients aged between 0-18 years were retrospectively analyzed. The study period was between March 15, 2020 and July 1, 2020. A confirmed COVID-19 was defined as a child who has positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The patients were analyzed in terms of demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and imaging features, and clinical outcomes. Results: The median age (inter-quartile range) of the patients was 11.8 (8.4) years, and 53 (51%) were male. Ninety-eight (94%) of the patients had an epidemiological risk factor. The most frequent symptoms were cough (62%), fever (42%), and fatigue (33%). Seven patients (7%) were asymptomatic, 84 (81%) were mild, 9 (9%) were moderate, and 4 (4%) were in severe or critical condition. Ninety-eight (94%) of the patients underwent a chest x-ray, and 12% had pneumonia. The patients younger than 5 years were more likely to have fever (p = 0.019), rhinorrhea (p = 0.041), and diarrhea (p = 0.035). Muscle/join pain (26%), loss of smell/taste (20%), and headache (19%) were striking extra-pulmonary symptoms in older patients. Only 8% of the patients were hospitalized, and 4% were admitted to the intensive care unit. No death occurred. Conclusion: The most of the pediatric COVID-19 cases have mild symptoms without pneumonia. They may not present with fever or cough which are considered characteristic symptoms of the disease and the frequency of signs and symptoms may vary by age. Children younger than 5 years old are more likely to have fever, rhinorrhea, and diarrhea. School-age children and adolescents may present with extra-pulmonary symptoms such as muscle/join pain, smell/taste loss, and headache.
This multi-center point prevalence study evaluated children who were diagnosed as having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On February 2nd, 2022, inpatients and outpatients infected with severe ...acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included in the study from 12 cities and 24 centers in Turkey. Of 8605 patients on February 2nd, 2022, in participating centers, 706 (8.2%) had COVID-19. The median age of the 706 patients was 92.50 months, 53.4% were female, and 76.7% were inpatients. The three most common symptoms of the patients with COVID-19 were fever (56.6%), cough (41.3%), and fatigue (27.5%). The three most common underlying chronic diseases (UCDs) were asthma (3.4%), neurologic disorders (3.3%), and obesity (2.6%). The SARS-CoV-2-related pneumoniae rate was 10.7%. The COVID-19 vaccination rate was 12.5% in all patients. Among patients aged over 12 years with access to the vaccine given by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, the vaccination rate was 38.7%. Patients with UCDs presented with dyspnea and pneumoniae more frequently than those without UCDs (
p
< 0.001 for both). The rates of fever, diarrhea, and pneumoniae were higher in patients without COVID-19 vaccinations (
p
= 0.001,
p
= 0.012, and
p
= 0.027).
Conclusion
: To lessen the effects of the disease, all eligible children should receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The illness may specifically endanger children with UCDs.
What is Known:
• Children with COVID-19 mainly present with fever and cough, as in adults.
• COVID-19 may specifically threaten children with underlying chronic diseases.
What is New:
• Children with obesity have a higher vaccination rate against COVID-19 than children without obesity.
• Among unvaccinated children, fever and pneumoniae might be seen at a higher ratio than among vaccinated children.
Purpose: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is the most common treatment modality for hydrocephalus. However, VPS infection is a common and serious complication with high rates of mortality and ...morbidity. The objective of this study was to investigate causative agents and the management of VPS infections and to identify risk factors for re-infection in children.
Materials and methods: Retrospective, multicentre study on patients with VPS infection at paediatric and neurosurgery departments in four tertiary medical centres in Turkey between January 2011 and September 2014.
Results: A total of 290 patients with VPS infections were identified during the study period. The aetiology of hydrocephalus was congenital malformations in 190 patients (65.5%). The most common symptom of shunt infection was fever in 108 (37.2%) cases. At least one pathogen was identified in 148 VPS infections (51%). The most commonly isolated pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococci, which grew in 63 cases (42.5%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 22 cases (14.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 15 cases (10.1%), and Staphylococcus aureus in 15 cases (10.1). The median duration of VPS infection was 2 months (range, 15 days to 60 months) after insertion of the shunt, with half (49.8%) occurring during the first month. VPS infection was treated by antibiotics and shunt removal in 211 cases (76.4%) and antibiotics alone without shunt removal in 65 patients (23.5%). Among the risk factors, CSF protein level greater than 100 mg/dL prior to VPS insertion was associated with a potential risk of re-infection (OR, 1.65; p =.01).
Conclusion: High protein levels (>100 mg/dL) before the re-insertion of a VPS may be a risk factor for VPS re-infection.
PDF
