Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive treatment technique for vertebral body compression fractures. The complications associated with this technique can be categorized into mild, ...moderate, and severe. Among these, the most prevalent complication is cement leakage, which may insert into the epidural, intradiscal, foraminal, and paravertebral regions, and even the venous system. The occurrence of a postprocedural infection carries a notable risk which is inherent to any percutaneous procedure. While the majority of these complications manifest without symptoms, they can potentially lead to severe outcomes. This review aims to consolidate the various complications linked to vertebroplasty, drawing from the experiences of a single medical center.
Anterior section of the hip joint capsule is innervated by femoral nerve and obturator nerve, and posterior section is innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris muscle and occasionally by the ...superior gluteal (posterolateral region) and sciatic nerve (posterosuperior region). One of the regional anesthesia options for hip surgery is the fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) that affects nerves important for hip innervation and sensory innervation of the thigh - femoral, obturator and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. FICB can be easily performed and is often a good solution for management of hip fractures in emergency departments. Its use reduces morphine pre-operative requirement for patients with femoral neck fractures and can also be indicated for hip arthroplasty, hip arthroscopy and burn management of the region. Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a block of the posterior abdominal wall performed exclusively under ultrasound guidance, with still unclarified mechanism of action. When considering hip surgery and postoperative management, the anterior QLB has shown to reduce lengthy hospital stay and opioid use, it improves perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing hip and proximal femoral surgery compared to standard intravenous analgesia regimen, provides early and rapid pain relief and allows early ambulation, thus preventing deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolic complications etc. However, some nerve branches responsible for innervation of the hip joint are not affected by QLB, which has to be taken into consideration. QLB has shown potential for use in hip surgery and perioperative pain management, but still needs to be validated as a reliable treatment approach.
Background and purpose: A child’s foot changes shape and proportions during growth so that it adapts to function. The purpose of this article is to determine foot length in children aged 2-7 years as ...a fundamental unit for measuring the growth of the foot, with which it will be able to compare other anthropometric measures of the foot. Determination of the shape of the foot and interpretation of the growth curve of the foot in length are important for standardization of the foot.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 2745 children, totalling 5490 feet. Of this, there were 1375 boys and 1370 girls. The population encompassed children aged 2 (1.50-2.49) to 7 (6.50-7.49) years and subjects were divided into 6 age groups. Foot length was measured by measuring tape, while shape was determined clinically.
Results: There is no difference in length and shape between the left and right feet of boys and girls across all age and sex groups, and the most common shape was the Egyptian foot shape. The foot grows most rapidly between the 2nd and 3rd year. From the 3rd to 6th years, the foot grows by approximately 1cm yearly, while in girls between the 6th and 7th year the foot grows 5mm.
Conclusions: Foot length is the basis for size comparison and determination of foot shape type. The results obtained demonstrate that the foot grows in length equally yearly and that there is no difference between the left and right feet.
Konzervativno liječenje skolioze uključuje nošenje korektivne ortoze u propisanom vremenu, nerijetko potpomognuto režimom fizikalne terapije. Djelotvornost liječenja ortozom dokazana je brojnim ...kliničkim ispitivanjima te predstavlja “zlatni standard” konzervativnog liječenja. Suradnja bolesnika u liječenju ortozom bît je uspješnosti tretmana. Liječenje je učinkovito samo u vrijeme rasta, a najčešće se odvija u periodu adolescencije. Adolescencija je psihološki vrlo burno razdoblje pa suradnja s adolescentnim bolesnikom može biti otežana iz više razloga. Zato je važno razumijevanje i uvažavanje psihosocijalnih aspekata u liječenju ove skupine bolesnika, kao i razumijevanje i uvažavanje dinamike cijele obitelji. Unaprjeđivanje suradnje važno je za tijek i ishod liječenja, a postupci unaprjeđivanja suradnje i pružanja psihološke potpore trebaju biti kontinuirani i strukturirani. Bolesnici koji dobivaju adekvatnu psihološku potporu koja uključuje i edukaciju o važnosti tretmana bolje surađuju te se općenito bolje osjećaju od onih bolesnika koji navedenu potporu nisu primili.
There is a controversy in results about influence of surgery on pulmonary function in idiopathic scoliosis. The aim of the study was to study pulmonary function in severe thoracic idiopathic ...scoliosis and to detect changes in pulmonary function after the three-dimensional anterior surgical correction in severe thoracic scoliosis. 91 patients at the age of 16 +/- 5.1 yrs underwent surgery in order to make a correction of scoliotic deformity. All the curves were greater than 70 degrees (86 +/- 5.1). Group I consisted of 60 patients with scoliotic curves between 70 degrees and 100 degrees, while group II consisted of 31 patients with curves greater than 100 degrees. All the patients were operated by anterior instrumentation and the average correction was 74% +/- 15 for group I, and 71% +/- 18 for group II. Vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) in group I remained unchanged. In group II, VC improved for 11%, while forced expiratory volume (FEV) improved for 13.6%. Our conclusion is that there is a significant correlation between the percentage of achieved correction and pulmonary function.
The relationship between trunk and spine deformity has yet not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between clinical (contourometric) and radiographic methods ...of scoliotic deformity evaluation. Our second objective was to create mathematical formulas for calculating radiographic parameters based on defined correlations of multiple parameters. We did a study of 136 preoperatively analysed patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Altogether, 189 lateral curvatures were assessed. Based on Lenke's classification, curves were divided into three groups: a thoracic, a thoracolumbar and a lumbar curve group. Each group was analyzed separately to determine relationships between clinical contourometric (scoliometer value, humpometer values) and radiographic measurement (apical vertebral rotation (AVR) according to Drerup). On the grounds of statistically significant correlation coefficients of most clinical parameters and Drerup rotation we found good relationships between trunk and spine deformity. Using the best correlated clinical parameters and multiple regression statistical analysis we created mathematical formulas for prediction of scoliotic AVR in higher degree curves.
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