By changing the spatial planning policy after 1991, a new practice of spatial development planning was introduced for the Slovenian coastal zone as well. This framework also involves the planning and ...design of open public space in the narrow coastal zone. The focus of this study was to define the situation concerning the manifestations of these spaces, their typology, design project practices, and the actual implementation level. The Strunjan Bay was selected as the study area, i.e. as a special landscape and cultural entity subject to a multitude of development and conservation interests. Using a descriptive research method, 10 existing projects were analysed for the area, which contain detailed designs of open public spaces. By comparing the individual parameters we found that the projects used a variety of authorial approaches, adapted processing criteria, and various interpretations of attractive visual elements, which are a component of the overall set design of traditional activities related to the marine environment. For most of the cases we found that they provided high-quality spatial solutions, but the level of their implementation was low – due to many complex reasons. The key differences are due to the different reasons of introducing these projects and their sources of financing. The solutions are therefore either highly research-oriented or, on the contrary, investment-oriented. In all cases the presence of the relevant spatial profession is evident. With all its accessible open public space, the coastal zone must remain in the public domain. A high-quality design of the spatial solutions in the zone can significantly contribute to a sustainable provision of democratic use of a public good.
In Slovenia, working at home is a traditionally present spatial paradigm with many positive implications for social development. This paper presents the results of a study that focused on the ...analysis of its manifestations, existing regulatory instruments, and the definition of measures for improving the situation in the field of its spatial regulation. Working at home occurs in a wide range of spatial solutions, from small-scale conversions or extensions to introduction of large building volumes into a settlement’s structure. Compared to operations in a business zone, its advantages are reflected in reduced labour and housing costs and in the mobilisation of owners’ property capacities. The negative consequences include increased freight transport, noise, and introduction of the typology of business buildings into the morphologically completed residential areas. This decreases the anthropogenic quality of the living environment and the potential value of properties. In most cases, the conditions that the existing spatial planning documents provide for are too vague to support the architectural and urbanistic transformation of residential buildings and the presence of disposal sites of raw materials, products, and technological waste. Along with the boundary values of noise, emissions, and other impacts determined by formal norms, it is also necessary to recognise the visual effect of modified buildings and their cumulative impacts on the wider living environment. At the spatial planning level we need to define the appropriate policy regarding the developmental significance and scope of working at home in individual spatial planning units, while at the implementing level we need efficient design conditions to develop high-quality functional and design solutions, which will support rational spatial interventions and their acceptability in the context of the local community.
Maritime spatial planning (MSP) has been developing for years on the basis of international commitments, national legislations, and professional practices. Projects under European Territorial ...Cooperation have also made an important contribution to its development. They were designed to support EU countries in the implementation of MSP. The projects implemented in Slovenia always covered the entire national sea and coastal zone. In accordance with the MSP Directive, the countries of Northern Adriatic are currently preparing the first generation of maritime spatial plans, largely based on the experience and results gained from these projects. This article presents the results of research aimed at assessing the contribution of the projects to the preparation of the first plan in Slovenia. Using a descriptive research method, a detailed analysis of the results of seven projects was conducted and compared with the content of the draft plan. A comparison was made and the proportion of the results implementation in the draft plan was determined for the following structural elements: development baselines, objectives and guidelines; expert bases; stakeholders and public participation; sectoral interests; administrative competences; international dimension; and databases and analytical tools. A high degree of coherence was found, showing the obvious contribution of the projects at the methodological and structural levels.
In Slovenia, during the period of transition practically all mechanisms for steering economic and spatial development changed. The planning of business zones is part of this framework; business zones ...are competitive business environments for the placement of economic activities in the physical space. Over the past 25 years, their design was influenced by various factors: introduction of free market principles, privatisation of social property, and interests of the young state to establish, using proper strategies and financial initiatives, an efficient network of zones as drivers of economic development. Despite the ambitious plans and adopted strategic spatial planning acts at the national level we nowadays find that the zones, in their current spatial and administrative form, are not an efficient enough development mechanism. The focus of the study was to define the starting points as the basis for planning business zones and shaping policies to improve the existing situation. To improve the business competitiveness of the existing zones and their role in the planning and design system, we will have to set up a more efficient data updating system and form a broader approach to their management, promotion, and marketing.
Work at home and work from home are becoming the subject of interdisciplinary research in the current social conditions. Slovenia, as a post-transition country, has specific experience in terms of ...its regulation, as the former socialist and later transition period were relatively tolerant of various forms of work at home. The article presents the results of research aimed at studying current normative provisions for the organization of work at home, its actual spatial and program scope, and its correlation with building typology and morphology. Using a descriptive research method and by analyzing existing databases in the GIS environment, we found that work at home is a very extensive phenomenon in Slovenia. Despite the effective instruments in the fields of spatial planning, public administration, tax system, and employment legal relationships, its scope is mainly a consequence of historical tolerance, as this form of work has been legally organized and desirable for decades. We found that various urban characteristics did not significantly affect its occurrence in the past. The differences are reflected only in the extent of business activities that can be carried out in residential areas and differ according to the distance from urban centers. In order for the regulation of work at home to become even more efficient in the future, it is necessary to define more detailed criteria, especially in terms of its program regulation and monitoring of the spatial situation.
Public space is an essential element of human wellbeing and the overall development of the city and society. This paper presents a brief outlook of the past and present situations related to the ...planning and use of public spaces in urban environments. In doing so, this paper addresses the finding that public spaces gradually lose the focus of quality in them, and as time goes by, these spaces are reshaping even in human-unfriendly places. The purpose of this presented research is to find out what are the key elements that create a quality public space. To achieve it, it is used a comparative–descriptive method comparing two relevant pieces of literature or authorial approaches, Henaff and Strong's “Public Space and Democracy” and Pérez-Gómez's “Attunement”. These two examples fulfill the criteria of having different interdisciplinary approaches toward public space, explained through different periods and backgrounds. It is found that the crucial elements these authors suggest for building qualitative space are well-grounded. As such, they can be implemented in an integrated physical form because they base on the human factor or the physical presence and experience in space. In the conclusion part, a suggestion was made to include these elements in the process of planning and designing public spaces in the context of the challenges of modern living culture.
U sklopu nove sociorazvojne paradigme u Sloveniji, načela planiranja i izgradnje stambenih zgrada također su doživjela promjene. Na osnovi analize tipičnih primjera „izgradnje za tržište” zaključuje ...se da su danas dominantna polazišta projekta isključivo ekonomski učinak investicije i formalni tehnološki standardi. Kako bi se poboljšalo stanje, trebalo bi u legislativu na učinkovit način uvesti odgovarajuće mjere, kao što su smjernice i kriteriji održivog planiranja.
The article presents the spatial distribution of business entities in Slovenia from locations in business zones and the areas of community, commerce and business services to work at home. The study ...uses the comparative method to determine their size, location and building typology. It was concluded that the structure is quite diversified and that most of the entities are located in residential areas. This field of study requires a further comprehensive treatment and regulation.
U članku je prikazana prostorna raspodjela poslovnih subjekata u Sloveniji od lokacije u poslovnim zonama, u područjima centralnih djelatnosti, do rada kod kuće. U istraživanju smo koristili komparativnu metodu da utvrdimo njihovo stanje s obzirom na broj, lokaciju i tipologiju zgrada u kojima se nalaze. Ustanovili smo da je struktura vrlo razgranata i da se većina entiteta nalazi u stambenim područjima. To područje u budućnosti zahtijeva cjelovitija istraživanja i reguliranje.
Designing a productive residential environment is one of the key objectives of sustainable planning and design. Based on the analysis of a chosen example of sustainability guidelines we establish ...that the technological aspect (demands regarding energetic efficiency, rationality, recyclability etc.) is notably exposed amongst the criteria for building planning, and the list of “anthropological” parameters which define the other characteristics of the residential environment is defined to a smaller extent. The term “residential comfort” is technologically defined in the group of criteria on minimal technical demands regarding heat, noise, lighting and air quality, the other elements, such as e.g. visual comfort (architecture of the interior, the building and the exterior space) are defined only in principle in the criterion of “design quality” without exact demands and standards. The research is aimed at defining the remaining parameters, which are not defined in detail in the list of criteria, but have a significant influence on the visual comfort in terms of visual perception of space. This is the area of an architect’s creativity, user’s needs and other subjective elements, which cannot be practically numerically defined. Within the research we used individual applicative projects to simulate the discussed guidelines and a descriptive method was used to establish the significance of visual diversity when designing residential environment. We ascertained that for planning architectural concept (design quality) there are at least three important project approaches which can have a key influence on guaranteeing visual diversity – which are: 1) visual connection of the building with the exterior space, 2) physical connection of the building with the exterior space and 3) the concept of internal atriums.
One of the key characteristics of urban-architectural workshops as a soft planning method is above all the fact that the authors are free of burden of formal facts and reference levels of the local ...environment, which do not influence the concept and the working process. Within this framework, the workshop presents an opportunity for the creator to focus primarily on the core of the problem, and work creatively towards a substantiated professional solution. In addition to the basic reference levels (programme, client’s needs, characteristics of space etc.) certain other circumstances such as ownership, economic, technical, local political and spatial development limitations can have a significant influence on the planning process and final project realisation. Their conscious exclusion from the set of reference levels can lead to formation of solely theoretical models, which are not generally acceptable and which, as a consequence, cannot be practically implemented.
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