While carbon-based materials have spearheaded numerous breakthroughs in biomedicine, they also have procreated many logical concerns on their overall toxicity. Carbon dots (CDs) as a respectively new ...member have been extensively explored in nucleus directed delivery and bioimaging due to their intrinsic fluorescence properties coupled with their small size and surface properties. Although various in vitro/in vivo studies have shown that CDs are mostly biocompatible, sufficient information is lacking regarding genotoxicity of them and underlying mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the real-time cytotoxicity of super tiny CDs (2.05 ± 0.22 nm) on human breast cancer cells (MCF7) and human primary dermal fibroblast cell cultures (HDFa) by xCELLigence analysis system for further evaluating their genotoxicity and clastogenicity to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of CDs on breast adenocarcinoma. As combined with flow cytometry studies, comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay suggest that the CDs can penetrate to the cell nuclei, interact with the genetic material, and explode DNA damage and G0/G1 phase arrest in cancer cells even at very low concentrations (0.025 ppm) which provide a strong foundation for the design of potentially promising CD-based functional nanomaterials for DNA-damage induced treatment in cancer therapy.
Pesticides are products developed to prevent, destroy, repel or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are considered to be pests. However, now they are one of the critical risk factors ...threatening the environment, and they create a significant threat to the health of children. Organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticides are widely used in Turkey as well as all over the world. The main focus of this presented study was to analyze the OP and PYR exposure levels in urine samples obtained from 3- to 6-year-old Turkish preschool children who live in the Ankara (
n
:132) and Mersin (
n
:54) provinces. In order to measure the concentrations of three nonspecific metabolites of PYR insecticides and four nonspecific and one specific metabolite of OPs, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analyses were performed. The nonspecific PYR metabolite 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) found in 87.1% of samples (
n
= 162) and the specific OP metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) found in 60.2% of samples (
n
= 112) were the most frequently detected metabolites in all urine samples. The mean concentrations of 3-PBA and TCPY were 0.38 ± 0.8 and 0.11 ± 0.43 ng/g creatinine, respectively. Although due to the large individual variation no statistically significant differences were found between 3-PBA (
p
= 0.9969) and TCPY (
p
= 0.6558) urine levels in the two provinces, significant exposure differences were determined both between provinces and within the province in terms of gender. Risk assessment strategies performed in light of our findings do not disclose any proof of a possible health problems related to analyzed pesticide exposure in Turkish children.
Pharmaceuticals are frequently detected in natural and wastewater bodies, and are very important in environmental toxicology because of their stable nature. Advanced oxidation methods used to remove ...contaminants are of great benefit, especially removing pharmaceuticals unsuitable for biodegradation. In this study, imipramine was degraded by anodic oxidation and subcritical water oxidation, which are advanced oxidation methods. The determination of degradation products was performed by Q-TOF LC/MS analysis. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the degradation samples were determined by the in vivo Allium Cepa method. Among the anodic oxidation samples, the lowest cytotoxicity was obtained after using 400 mA current, and 420 min of degradation time. No cytotoxic effect was observed in any subcritical water oxidation sample. However, when 10 mM hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was used at 150 °C and the reaction time was 90 min, the subcritical water oxidation sample showed a genotoxic effect. The results of the study showed that it is crucial to evaluate the toxicity levels of the degradation products and which advanced oxidation methods are preferred for removing imipramine. The optimum conditions determined for both oxidation methods can be used as a preliminary step for biological oxidation methods in the degradation of imipramine.
Za izloženost lebdećim česticama (engl. particulate matter, krat. PM) u zraku iz okoliša već se dugo zna da je povezana sa štetnim djelovanjem na zdravlje. Danas se lebdeće čestice posvuda u svijetu ...smatraju sistemskim toksikantom koji ne oštećuje samo pluća. Brojna istraživanja, od onih in vitro do epidemioloških, upućuju na raznovrsne izravne i neizravne mehanizme toksičnosti lebdećih čestica koji su povezani s povećanim rizikom od bolesti srca i krvožilja, uključujući upalne odgovore, oksidacijski stres, promjene krvnoga tlaka, autonomnu regulaciju brzine srčanih otkucaja, supresiju endotelne vazodilatacije, trombogenezu, infarkt miokarda i fibrinolizu. Povrh ovih i drugih rizika za zdravlje, u razmatranjima o standardima kakvoće zraka trebaju se uzeti u obzir individualne razlike, stil života i ranjive populacijske skupine poput djece. U Turskoj se onečišćenje zraka u gradovima ističe kao izrazit okolišni problem, pa u ovom preglednom radu posvećujemo pažnju i trenutačnoj situaciji, postojećim istraživanjima i mjerama poduzetima u našoj zemlji.
Exposure to environmental particulate matter (PM), outdoor air pollution in particular, has long been associated with adverse health effects. Today, PM has widely been accepted as a systemic toxicant ...showing adverse effects beyond the lungs. There are numerous studies, from those
to epidemiological ones, suggesting various direct and indirect PM toxicity mechanisms associated with cardiovascular risks, including inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, changes in blood pressure, autonomic regulation of heart rate, suppression of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, thrombogenesis, myocardial infarction, and fibrinolysis. In addition to these and other health risks, considerations about air quality standards should include individual differences, lifestyle, and vulnerable populations such as children. Urban air pollution has been a major environmental issue for Turkey, and this review will also address current situation, research, and measures taken in our country.
Rationale
Bisphenol A (BPA), 4‐t‐octylphenol (4‐t‐OP), and 4‐nonylphenol (4‐NP) are ubiquitous manufactured chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors. Now these substances are prevalent and found ...in a wide range of biological and environmental matrices globally. Acting as xenoestrogens, their target is to bind estrogen receptors and compete against natural hormones. Thus, there is an increasing concern on their negative health consequences.
Methods
A rapid, sensitive, and robust method was established, validated, and used for the trace analysis of BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP in human urine using liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry.
Results
The linear ranges for BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP were 5.0–500 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.996. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for the compounds were 0.001, 0.007, and 0.005 ng/mL and 0.005, 0.023, and 0.180 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries were as follows: 99.539%–108.557%, 97.780%–110.768%, and 99.694%–106.908% for BPA, 4‐NP, and 4‐t‐OP respectively, with relative standard deviation <8.26%.
Conclusions
The established method was also applied effectively for the determination of BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP levels in 15 human urine samples. This method was specifically developed for easy and precise analysis of BPA, 4‐t‐OP, and 4‐NP in human urine. The method developed has been shown to be accurate, precise, and sensitive.
Dopamine (DA) is a prominent biochemically complex neurotransmitter and immunomodulator. The quantification of DA could contribute to a better understanding of how endocrine system, cardiovascular ...and renal functions are regulated. The study aims to develop a rapid, precise, and extremely sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for routine clinical quantification of DA in urine.
Urine samples were extracted
one simple and rapid liquid-liquid extraction technique; then analyzed using a sensitive LC-MS/MS method developed by multiple reaction monitoring mode.
DA and internal standard (IS) retention durations were found to be 2.28 min and 2.24 min, respectively. The mean extraction recovery of DA and DA-IS in urine was above 95.62%. DA calibration curve in urine was linear (r
≥0.998) ranging from 20 ng/mL to 1000 ng/mL. The maximum intra-day and inter-day precisions were 5.87 and 2.81, respectively and coefficients of variation were 10.55% and 7.57%, respectively.
A rapid, precise, sensitive and quantitative LC-MS/MS detection of DA without the use of derivatization, evaporation, reconstitution and ion-pairing reagents has been developed with a simple and non-invasive sample technique for clinical laboratory applications, basic neuroscience research and drug development studies.
Summary
Background
Henna has a very low allergic potential, and severe allergenic contact dermatitis is mainly caused by p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), which is added to temporary black ‘henna tattoos’, ...and potentially also by some heavy metals.
Objective
To determine the presence of, and quantify, Lawsone, PPD and heavy metal contaminants (cobalt, nickel, lead, and chromium) in commercial temporary black henna tattoo mixtures (n = 25) sold in Turkey.
Methods
Lawsone and PPD concentrations were analysed with high‐performance liquid chromatography, and heavy metal quantification was performed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Results
PPD was found in all 25 black henna tattoo samples purchased from tattoo shops; levels varied between 3.37% and 51.6%. Lawsone was detected (0.002–88.2%) in 21 of the 25 temporary black henna tattoo samples analysed. Heavy metal contaminant levels were 0.44–3.11 ppm for Co, 1.13–2.20 ppm for Ni, 1.59–17.7 ppm for Pb, and 35.0–76.9 ppm for Cr.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that commercial temporary black henna mixtures containing PPD levels up to 51.6% pose a risk of contact sensitization and severe allergic contact dermatitis among users. It is important to identify both the additives and metallic contaminants of black henna tattoo products; the significance of metal contaminants has still to be assessed.
Aim: Toxicological evaluation is required to understand the safety of avocado (Persea Americana) oil for use as a food supplement. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of avocado oil in ...MCF-7 cell line were evaluated.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the MCF-7 was exposed to avocado oil (1, 10, 25 and 100 ppm) for 24, 48 and 72 hrs to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
Results: IC50 of avocado oil were found to be 68.1, 62.8 and 64.3 ppm for 24, 48 and 72 hrs, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease in cell polferation between the control and exposed groups (p<0.05). Micronucleus frequency was significantly increased compared with negative control (p<0.005).
Conclusion: Results of the study, avocado oil had cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in a time and concentration dependent manner. Regular use of avocado oil as a dietary supplement has been shown to have a protective effect.
Amaç: Avokado (Persea Americana) yağının gıda takviyesi olarak kullanımında güvenliğinin anlaşılması için toksikolojik değerlendirilme yapılması gerekmektedir. Planlanan bu çalışmada avokado yağının MCF-7 hücre hattındaki sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkileri değerlendirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada MCF-7 hücre hattı, avokado yağına (1, 10, 25 ve 100 ppm) ile 24, 48 ve 72 maruz bırakılarak sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Avokado yağının IC50 değerleri 24, 48 ve 72 saat için sırasıyla; 68.1, 62.8 ve 64.3 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Avokado yağının bütün maruziyet sürelerinde kontrol grubu ile maruziyet grupları arasında hücre poliferasyonundaki azalma istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Avokado yağına maruziyetine bağlı mikroçekirdek frekansında, tüm dozlarda negatif kontrole göre önemli artış görülmüştür (p<0,005).
Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonucunda avokado yağının MCF-7 hücre hattında zamana ve konstrasyona bağımlı olarak sitotoksik ve genotoksik etkilerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Avokado yağının gıda takviyesi olarak düzenli kullanılması sonucunda koruyucu etkisinin olabileceği görülmüştür.
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