Mechanisation used in forest utilisation has an impact on the occurrence of damage in stand and on forest land. The research in this work had the objective of determining damage on fir trees and ...other tree species during felling and processing of trees and their skidding using the forest cable-skidder. The research wasconducted in mixed beech and fir forests in the area of FMA “Glamočko”, M.U. “Hrbinje-Kujača”
.
The following data were gathered on damaged trees: tree type, breast height diameter, economic importance of the tree, amount of damage, location of damage, cause of damage, types of damage. Damage was recorded on a total of 305 trees, 133 trees of silver fir (
Abies alba
), 130 trees of European beech (
Fagus sylvatica
), 33 trees of European spruce (
Picea abies
), 8 trees of rowan/mountain-ash (
Sorbusaucuparia
) and one tree of sycamore (
Acer pseudoplatanus
). The overall damage intensity was 18.7%, but together with the old damages, the overall number of ‘wounds’ is 496. According to this, when the old damage isalso considered, then the intensity of damage amounts to 30.6%. The largest amount of damage is in the diameter sub-class ranging from 10 to 14.99 cm. According to the cause of damage, the largest amount of damage occurred during the wood extraction phase (217 trees), while during the felling phase, 88 trees or 29% were damaged. Since the wood extraction phase is divided into the winching and skidding phases, the total number of damaged trees during the winching phase amounted to 157 or 52%, while during the skidding phase, the number of damaged trees was 60 or 19%. To reduce damage to the trees during following operations in forest utilisation, it is necessary to perform more frequent training of all employees working on forest utilisation, to increase controls in execution of operations during forest utilisation, modernise machines used during forest exploitation, and in quality manner open compartments with forest road infrastructure.
Mehanizacija koja se koristi u iskorištavanju šuma utječe na pojavu oštećenja u sastojini i na šumskom tlu. Istraživanja u ovom radu su imala za cilj utvrđivanje oštećenja na stablima jele i drugih vrsta drvća pri sječi i izradi drvnih sortimenata te privlačenju šumskim zglobnim traktorom.
Istraživanja su obavljena u mješovitim šumama bukve i jele sa smrekom na području ŠGP „Glamočko”, G.J. „Hrbinje-Kujača“
.
Prikupljeni su sljedeći podaci o oštećenim stablima: vrsta drveća, prsni promjer stabla, privredna važnost stabla, broj oštećenja, mjesto oštećenja, uzrok oštećenja, vrsta oštećenja.
Oštećenja su evidentirana kod ukupno 305 stabala, 133 stabala jele (
Abies alba
), 130 stabala bukve (
Fagus sylvatica
), 33 stabla smreke (
Picea abies
), osam stabala jarebike (
Sorbus aucuparia
) i jedno (1) stablo gorskog javora (
Acer pseudoplatanus
). Ukupan intenzitet oštećenja je iznosio 18,7%, a kad tome pridodamo i stara oštećenja, ukupan broj ozljeda iznosi 496. Prema tomu, kada se u obzir uzmu i stara oštećenja, tada intenzitet oštećenja iznosi 30,6%. Najveći broj oštećenja se nalazi u debljinskom stepenu od 10 do 14,99 cm.
Prema uzroku oštećenja, najveći broj oštećenja je nastao prilikom faze privlačenja (217 stabala), dok je prilikom sječe oštećeno 88 ili 29% stabala. Kako je faza privlačenja podijeljena na fazu primicanja i privlačenja, ukupan broj oštećenih stabala tijekom faze primicanja iznosio je 157 ili 52%, dok je tijekom privlačenja broj oštećenih stabala iznosio 60 ili 19%.
Da bi se prilikom sljedećih operacija iskorištavanja šuma smanjile štete na stablima, potrebna je češća edukacija svih djelatnika koji obavljaju poslove iskorištavanja šuma, potrebno je povećati kontrole obavljanja svih poslova prilikom iskorištavanja šuma, modernizirati strojeve koji se koriste prilikom eksploatacije šuma te na kvalitetan način otvoriti odjele šumskim komunikacijama.
U radu se istražuju obilježja ponude seoskog turizma Dalmacije na osnovu registriranih ruralno-turističkih gospodarstava navedenih u Nacionalnom katalogu ruralnog turizma Hrvatske. Cilj rada je ...utvrditi sadašnje stanje i potencijal Dalmacije u razvoju ruralnog turizma te ukazati na (ne)iskorištene mogućnosti kroz usporedbu između četiri dalmatinske turističke regije: Dalmacija – Zadar, Dalmacija – Šibenik, Dalmacija – Split, Dalmacija – Dubrovnik.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da sve istraživane regije obiluju prirodnom i kulturnom baštinom, što je osnovni preduvjet za razvoj ruralnog turizma. Razlike se uočavaju kod broja registriranih objekata za ruralni turizam i usluga koje se nude, što je prilika za pokretanje investicijskih projekata i programa u cilju očuvanja i razvoja ruralnog područja.
The paper deals with the characteristics of Dalmatia's rural tourism supply based on the registered rural-tourist farms listed in the National Catalog of Rural Tourism of Croatia. The aim of this ...paper is to determine the present state and potential of Dalmatia in the development of rural tourism. Moreover, the intetion is to point out the unexploited possibilities of the area by comparing the four Dalmatian tourist regions: Dalmacija – Zadar, Dalmacija – Šibenik, Dalmacija – Split, Dalmacija – Dubrovnik. The research results indicate that all the explored regions are rich in natural and cultural heritage, which are crucial for the development of rural tourism. There are differences in the number of registered facilities for rural tourism and the services offered. This is seen as an opportunity for launching investment projects and programs with the goal of preserving and developing those rural areas.
This thesis is concerned with the development of an efficient numerical method for the solution of a singular optimal control problem which arises in the determination of constant altitude, ...minimum-time aircraft turn trajectories. The aircraft roll-rate and maximum performance turn radius are included in the dynamics of the problem in the form of control and state variable constraints respectively. The numerical procedure is based on transforming the optimal control problem into a single real variable optimization problem which can then be solved using standard numerical techniques. A Fortran program was written to implement this procedure and two examples are shown for the possible turn trajectories and its corresponding angle of bank and optimal control history.
Fluoro-substituted pyrazoles have a wide range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activities ...of fluorinated 4,5-dihydro-1
-pyrazole derivatives on four phytopathogenic fungi:
,
,
f. sp
, and
. Moreover, they were tested on two soil beneficial bacteria-
and
-as well as two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs)-
and
. The molecular docking was performed on the three enzymes responsible for fungal growth, the three plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The most active compounds against fungi
were 2-chlorophenyl derivative (
) (43.07% of inhibition) and 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl derivative (
) (42.23% of inhibition), as well as
against
(46.75% of inhibition). Compounds were shown to be safe for beneficial soil bacteria and nematodes, except for compound
on EPN
(18.75% mortality), which also showed the strongest inhibition against AChE (79.50% of inhibition). The molecular docking study revealed that antifungal activity is possible through the inhibition of proteinase K, and nematicidal activity is possible through the inhibition of AChE. The fluorinated pyrazole aldehydes are promising components of future plant protection products that could be environmentally and toxicologically acceptable.
In search and rescue (SAR) operations, up-to-date information on the terrain is critical because every additional hour required to search for a person reduces the likelihood of success. Therefore, it ...is necessary to provide quick access and the best possible input data for planners and search teams and to develop tools that can help them plan and monitor actions in real-time. This paper describes a novel system based on the use of GIS for planning actions and visualizing the situation on the ground. Special focus is devoted to the algorithm for assessing the mobility of the missing person. Using this algorithm, the area of the proposed search area is modeled based on obtained information about the type of terrain on which the searches are planned. The obtained results are presented as a new Geographic Information System layer and have proven to be a quality that helps in defining the search space. Further research is discussed, especially regarding the assessment of the passability of certain types of terrain.
Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) represents a collection of vehicle-based intelligent safety systems. One in particular, Traffic Sign Recognition System (TSRS), is designed to detect and ...interpret roadside information in the form of signage. Even though TSRS has been on the market for more than a decade now, the available ones differ in hardware and software solutions they use, as well as in quantity and typology of signs they recognize. The aim of this study is to determine whether differences between detection and readability accuracy of market-ready TSRS exist and to what extent, as well as how different levels of “graphical changes” on the signs affect their accuracy. For this purpose, signs (“speed limit” and “prohibition of overtaking”) were placed on a test field and 17 vehicles from 14 different car brands underwent testing. Overall, the results showed that sign detection and readability by TSRS differ between car brands and that even small changes in the design of signs can drastically affect TSRS accuracy. Even in a controlled environment where no sign has been altered, there has been a 5% margin of misread signs.
Coumarin derivatives have been reported as strong antifungal agents against various phytopathogenic fungi. In this study, inhibitory effects of nine coumarinyl Schiff bases were evaluated against the ...plant pathogenic fungi (
f. sp.
,
,
and
). The compounds were demonstrated to be efficient antifungal agents against
. The results of molecular docking on the six enzymes related to the antifungal activity suggested that the tested compounds act against plant pathogenic fungi, inhibiting plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as endoglucanase I and pectinase. Neither compound exhibited inhibitory effects against two beneficial bacteria (
and
) and two entomopathogenic nematodes. However, compound
was lethal (46.25%) for nematode
and showed an inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (31.45%), confirming the relationship between these two activities. Calculated toxicity and the pesticide-likeness study showed that compound
was the least lipophilic compound with the highest aquatic toxicity. A molecular docking study showed that compounds
and
bind directly to the active site of AChE. Coumarinyl Schiff bases are promising active components of plant protection products, safe for the environment, human health, and nontarget organisms.
This study presents national surveys of patient exposure from nuclear medicine (NM) diagnostic procedures in 2010 and 2015 in the Republic of Croatia.
The survey was performed according to the ...European Commission Dose DataMed (DDM) project methodology. 28 most frequent NM diagnostic procedures were identified. Data about frequencies of procedures and average administered activities of radioisotopes used in those procedures were collected. Average administered activities were converted to effective doses according to the dose conversion coefficients. Then the collective effective dose to the population and an effective dose per capita were calculated based on the number of the most frequent NM diagnostic procedures and the average effective dose per procedure.
In 2010, 41200 NM diagnostic procedures led to 146.7 manSv collective effective dose to the population and in 2015, 42000 NM diagnostic procedures led to 146.8 manSv collective effective dose to the population. The frequencies of NM diagnostic procedures were 9.7 and 9.8 annually per 1000 population with 34.1 μSv and 34.2 μSv effective dose per capita for 2010 and 2015, respectively. The main contributors to the annual collective dose from NM in Croatia are examinations of the bone, heart, thyroid and PET/CT tumour diagnostic. Average administered activities have not changed considerably from 2010 to 2015. Nevertheless, within the frequency of some of the procedures, significant changes were found in five-year period.
Frequencies, average administered activities and collective effective dose to the population from NM diagnostic procedures in Croatia are comparable to the values reported by other European surveys. Changes were found between 2010 and 2015 and we intend to perform this study periodically to identify possible trends, but also to raise awareness about the potential dose optimization.
Starch is a polysaccharide that is widely used in food and other industries; therefore, due to its great potential, it is attempted to be maximally isolated from various foods rich in starch. ...Commonly, potatoes are used for starch production due to the relatively high starch content in tubers, and the process itself is complex and includes several steps. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize starch from eight potato varieties. First, the basic chemical composition of the potato samples was determined, and then the isolation was carried out under laboratory conditions. The isolated starch was air dried, then ground and sieved through a 400 µm sieve. The basic chemical composition, amylose content, starch color, swelling capacity and solubility index, clarity of starch pastes, texture of starch gels and thermo-physical properties (gelatinization and retrogradation) were determined in the obtained starch samples. The results showed that the SL 13–25 potato variety had the lowest starch content, while the Stilleto variety had the highest starch content. The content of protein, fat, ash and crude fiber was relatively low in all of the isolated starches, indicating their high purity. Also, the difference in the color of the isolated starches was difficult to see. The highest amylose content had starch from Saprodi, while the lowest was observed in starch from SL 13–25. Starch from the cv. Dartiest had the highest, while starch from the cv. Sereno had the lowest gel strength. The starch of the cv. Dartiest also had the highest clarity value. The retrogradation transition temperatures and enthalpies were lower compared to the gelatinization temperatures and enthalpies. With the increasing temperature, both the swelling capacity and the solubility index of all the samples increased. According to the obtained differences, this study confirmed the significant influence and role of different cultivars on starch characteristics.
PDF
