Sargassum horneri is a common brown macro-alga that is found in the inter-tidal ecosystems of China. To investigate the current status of seaweed resources and provide basic data for its sustainable ...development, ISSR （inter simple sequence repeat） and SRAP （sequence related amplified polymorphism） markers were used to analyze the population genetics among nine natural populations of S. horneri. The nine studied populations were distributed over 2 000 km from northeast to south China. The percentage of polymorphic loci P% （ISSR, 99.44%; SRAP, 100.00%）, Nei＇s genetic diversity H（ISSR, 0.107-0.199; SRAP, 0.100-0.153 ）, and Shannon＇s information index I （IS SR, 0.157-0.291; SRAP, 0.148-0.219） indicated a fair amount of genetic variability among the nine populations. Moreover, the high degree of gene differentiation Gst （ISSR, 0.654; SRAP, 0.718） and low gene flow Nm （ISSR, 0.265; SRAP, 0.196） implied that there was significant among-population differentiation, possibly as a result of habitat fragmentation. The matrices of genetic distances and fixation indices （Fst） among the populations correlated well with their geographical distribution （Mantel testR=0.541 5, 0.541 8; P=0.005 0, 0.002 0 andR=0.728 6, 0.641 2; P=-0.001 0, 0.001 0, respectively）; the Rongcheng population in the Shandong peninsula was the only exception. Overall, the genetic differentiation agreed with the geographic isolation. The fair amount of genetic diversity that was revealed in the S. horneri populations in China indicated that the seaweed resources had not been seriously affected by external factors.
Grateloupia turuturu is a commercial red alga with potential value in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. To supplement information on its life history and verify whether carpospores can be used for ...seedling culture, early development of G. turuturu was investigated under culture conditions （27~C, 10-13 ~mol/（mZ.s） in irradiance, photoperiod 10：14 h L：D）. Three physiological stages were recognized by continuous microscopic observation： division stage, discoid crust stage, and juvenile seedling stage. At the beginning of the division stage, the carpospores developed germ tubes into which the carpospore protoplasm was evacuated, and then the carpospore protoplasm in the germ tubes began to divide continuously until discoid crusts formed. Finally, upright thalli appeared on the discoid crusts and developed into juvenile seedlings. It took about 60 days for carpospores to develop into juvenile seedlings. The growth parameters, including germination rate for carpospores and discoid crust diameter, were recorded. These results contribute more information on the life cycle, and at the same time are of great significance in the scaling-up of artificial seedling cultures of G. turuturu.
Study on the early development of sporelings from carpospores of Gracilaria asiatica Chang et Xia was conducted indoors under controlled culture conditions. Besides normal development of sporelings, ...a new developmental phenomenon of filamentous frond was observed. It was composed of one or two rows of cells, and took place from the outmost brim of the basal disc. During the early disc stage of germinated carpospores, one or two filamentous fronds formed on about 10% basal discs. Simultaneously, young fronds began to arch slightly from the centers of single and coalescent discs; lately more filamentous fronds up to 80% appeared on the brims of basal discs. Meanwhile one or more upright fronds protuberated on the basal discs. Generally, filamentous fronds exhibited in self-existence or co-existence forms with normal young sporelings on the same basal disc, and single cell detached from filamentous fronds developed into a new filamentous frond. This new phenomenon exhibited a unique differentiation pathway during the early development of G. asiatica, which would be potential for the application in artificial sporelings nursery.
본 연구는 차풀 잎을 70% 에탄올을 이용하여 추출한 후 항산화 성분 측정, 항산화 활성 측정과 피부섬유아세포에서의 항산화 및 항노화 효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 차풀 잎 추출물에서 높은 수준의 페놀성 화합물을 함유한 것으로 나타났으며 DPPH, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, 환원력, hydrogen peroxide 소거능 및 NO 라디칼 소거능 등의 in ...vitro 실험에서 농도 유의적으로 높은 생리활성을 확인하였다. 피부 섬유아세포에서의 실험은 hydrogen peroxide를 이용하여 산화적 스트레스를 유도한 상태에서 차풀 잎 추출물의 세포 보호 효과, 세포 내 항산화 효과 및 항산화 효소 단백질 발현을 관찰하였다. 산화적 스트레스로 인해 피부 섬유아세포의 생존율이 감소했지만 차풀 잎 추출물의 처리로 산화적 손상이 억제되어 생존율이 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, H2- DCFDA 염색을 통해 세포 내 활성산소의 생성을 확인한 결과 차풀 잎 추출물에 의한 활성산소 저감을 확인하였다. 또한 효소적 항산화 방어시스템인 SOD2, catalase, GR, GPX1을 측정한 결과 산화적 스트레스로 인하여 감소하였지만, 차풀 잎 추출물 처리로 항산화 방어시스템의 단백질 발현 정도가 증가하였다. 이에 따라 세포 노화의 지표인 SA-β-galactosidase의 활성이 차풀 잎 추출물 처리로 인하여 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 차풀 잎 추출물은 천연물에서 유래한 항산화 및 항노화의 기능성 식품소재로써 활용 가치가 매우 높다고 판단된다. Skin aging is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by human cells, and use of antioxidants is an effective approach to prevent symptoms that are associated with ROS-induced skin aging. This study aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of leaves of Chamaecrista nomame (Siebold) H. Ohashi extract (LCE) and also to determine the total phenolics, flavonoids and proantocyanidins contents. In addition, the anti-aging activity of LCE was estimated in oxidative stress-induced human dermal fibroblasts by using hydrogen peroxide. The total phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents of LCE were 919.92±3.30 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 5.31±0.21 mg quercetin equivalent/g and 67.16±2.47 μg catechin equivalent/g, respectively. The antioxidative activities of LCE were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. Also, LCE inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death, and LCE suppressed the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, LCE inhibited the expression of β-galactosidase, which is an indicator of aging. Therefore, these results suggested that LCE is potential natural candidate as an ingredients in antioxidant and anti-aging for functional food. KCI Citation Count: 3
본 연구에서는 아마란스 안토시아닌 색소의 온도별(4, 25 및 40°C), pH별(3.0, 7.0, 및 9.0), 당에 대한 안정성을 12일간 4일 간격으로 색소 함량, 총 페놀 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, 아질산염 소거능 및 FRAP를 측정하여 평가하였다. 아마란스 안토시아닌 색소는 저온 4°C과 pH 3.0에서 색소 함량의 변화가 적었으며, ...glucose, xylose를 첨가 시 당의 첨가에 따른 색소 함량의 큰 변화는 보이지 않았으나 다른 당에 비해 fructose 첨가에 의해 색소 함량의 감소가 다소 크게 측정되었다. 아마란스의 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과 아마란스 추출물 1, 2.5, 5 mg/mL의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 37.67±0.87%, 57.65±0.52%, 88.09±0.10%로 평가되었고, 아질산염 소거능은 아마란스 추출물의 농도를 2.5, 5 및 10 mg/mL로 처리하였을 때 각각 61.53±0.03%, 64.54 ±0.46% 및 75.70±0.32%로 평가되었다. 또한, FRAP 활성은 아마란스 추출물 2.5, 5 및 10 mg/mL 농도에서 0.34± 0.00, 0.40±0.01, 0.53±0.01로 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 항산화 활성도 증가하였다. 이상의 결과는 향후 아마란스를 활용한 가공식품 미 천연 식품 색소 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study investigated the stability of anthocyanin and antioxidant activities from amaranth baby leaf extracts. Amaranth baby leaf was examined to investigate the effects of pH, temperature, and sugars on the stability of anthocyanin. Antioxidant compounds and activities were measured based on total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities, nitrite scavenging activity, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In the results, the stability of anthocyanin rapidly decreased at 40°C, while the stability of anthocyanin slowly decreased at 4°C. The type of sugar (glucose, fructose, xylose) did not influence the stability of anthocyanin. The stability of anthocyanin was reduced in the following order: pH 3> pH 9> pH 7.0. Total phenolic content was 5.62±0.12 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, DPPH radical scavenging activity of amaranth baby leaf extracts ranged from 37.67±0.87 to 88.09±0.10%, and FRAP value increased depending upon the concentrations of amaranth baby leaf extracts and ascorbic acid. The nitrite scavenging ability of amaranth baby leaf extracts ranged from 61.53±0.03 to 75.70±0.32%. In conclusion, amaranth baby leaf can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and natural food colorants. KCI Citation Count: 3
